Branch at revision 46530

[SVN r46531]
Merge in documentation fixes. Apart from the change to optional's documenation
2026-07-22 13:43:50 +00:00 · 2008-06-19 18:57:10 +00:00 · 2008-04-27 07:39:49 +00:00 · 2008-04-02 01:42:32 +00:00 · 2008-03-14 18:32:45 +00:00 · 2008-02-14 18:09:34 +00:00
64 changed files with 6755 additions and 1967 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Boost.Numeric/Conversion
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2004-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
+#
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+# http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+
+# Quickbook
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import quickbook ;
+
+xml conversion
+    :
+        conversion.qbk
+    ;
+
+boostbook standalone
+    :
+        conversion
+    :
+        <xsl:param>boost.root=../../../../..
+        <xsl:param>boost.libraries=../../../../libraries.htm
+        <xsl:param>toc.max.depth=2
+        <xsl:param>toc.section.depth=2
+        <xsl:param>chunk.section.depth=1
+    ;
+
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-  <HEAD>
-	 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-	 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../boost.css">
-         <TITLE>Boost Numeric Conversion Library - Bounds</TITLE>
-  </HEAD>
-  <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000">
-	 <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
-	  SUMMARY="header">
-		<TR>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top" WIDTH="300">
-			 <H3><A HREF="../../../../index.htm"><IMG HEIGHT="86" WIDTH="277"
-				ALT="C++ Boost" SRC="../../../../boost.png" BORDER="0"></A></H3> </TH> 
-		  <TH VALIGN="top"> 
-			 <H1 ALIGN="center">Boost Numeric Conversion Library</H1> 
-			 
-      <H1><A HREF="http://www.boost.org">Header </A><A
-				HREF="../../../../boost/numeric/conversion/bounds.hpp">boost/numeric/conversion/bounds.hpp</A></H1>
-    </TH>
-		</TR>
-	 </TABLE><HR>
-	 <H2>Contents</H2>
-	 <UL>
-		<LI><A HREF="#introduction">Introduction</A></LI>
-		<LI><A HREF="#bounds"><code>template class bounds&ltN&gt</CODE></A></LI>
-		<LI><A HREF="#examples">Examples</A></LI>
-		<LI><A HREF="#implementation">Implementation</A></LI>
-		<LI><A HREF="#portability">Portability</A></LI>
-	 </UL> <HR>
-	 <H2><A NAME="introduction">Introduction</A></H2>
-	 <P>To determine the ranges of numeric types with std:: numeric_limits
-		[18.2.1], different syntax have to be used depending on numeric type.
-		Specifically, numeric_limits&lt;T&gt;::min() for integral types returns the
-		minimum finite value, whereas for floating point types it returns the minimum
-		positive normalized value. The difference in semantics makes client code
-		unnecessarily complex and error prone. <BR> <BR>
-  boost::numeric::bounds&lt;&gt; provides a consistent interface for retrieving
-  the maximum finite value, the minimum finite value and the minimum positive
-  normalized value (0 for integral types) for numeric types. The selection of
-  implementation is performed at compile time, so there is no runtime overhead.
-  <BR>
-   <BR> </P> <HR>
-	 <H2><A NAME="bounds"><CODE>traits class bounds&lt;N&gt;</CODE></A></H2>
-	 <BLOCKQUOTE>
-
-  <PRE>template&lt;class N&gt;
-struct bounds
-{
-  static N lowest  () { return <i>implementation_defined</i>; }
-  static N highest () { return <i>implementation_defined</i>; }
-  static N smallest() { return <i>implementation_defined</i>; }
-};</PRE>
-   </BLOCKQUOTE>
-	 <H3>Members</H3>
-	 <PRE>lowest()</PRE>
-	 <P>Returns the minimum finite value, equivalent to
-		numeric_limits&lt;T&gt;::min() when T is an integral type, and to
-		-numeric_limits&lt;T&gt;::max() when T is a floating point type. </P>
-	 <PRE>highest()</PRE>
-	 <P>Returns the maximum finite value, equivalent to
-		numeric_limits&lt;T&gt;::max(). </P>
-	 <PRE>smallest()</PRE>
-
-<P>Returns the smallest positive normalized value for floating point types with
-  denormalization, or returns 0 for integral types. <BR>
-   <BR>
-		</P> <HR>
-	 <H2><A NAME="examples">Examples</A></H2>
-
-<P>The following example demonstrates the use of numeric::bounds&lt;&gt; and the
-  equivalent code using numeric_limits: </P>
-
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <PRE>#include &lt;iostream&gt;
-
-#include &lt;boost/numeric/conversion/bounds.hpp&gt;
-#include &lt;boost/limits.hpp&gt;
-
-int main() {
-
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; "numeric::bounds versus numeric_limits example.\n";
-
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; "The maximum value for float:\n";
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; boost::numeric::bounds&lt;float&gt;::highest() &lt;&lt; "\n";
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::numeric_limits&lt;float&gt;::max() &lt;&lt; "\n";
-
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; "The minimum value for float:\n";
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; boost::numeric::bounds&lt;float&gt;::lowest() &lt;&lt; "\n";
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; -std::numeric_limits&lt;float&gt;::max() &lt;&lt; "\n";
-
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; "The smallest positive value for float:\n";
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; boost::numeric::bounds&lt;float&gt;::smallest() &lt;&lt; "\n";
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::numeric_limits&lt;float&gt;::min() &lt;&lt; "\n";
-
-  return 0;
-}</PRE>
-   </BLOCKQUOTE>
-
-<hr>
-<P>Back to <A HREF="index.html">Numeric Conversion library index</A></P>
-<HR>
-<P>Revised 23 June 2004</P>
-<p>© Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2004</p>
-<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+[/
+    Boost.Optional
+
+    Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
+
+    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_bounds]
+
+[section bounds<> traits class]
+
+[section Introduction]
+
+To determine the ranges of numeric types with `std::numeric_limits` \[18.2.1\],
+different syntax have to be used depending on numeric type. Specifically,
+`numeric_limits<T>::min()` for integral types returns the minimum finite value,
+whereas for floating point types it returns the minimum positive normalized
+value. The difference in semantics makes client code unnecessarily complex
+and error prone.
+
+`boost::numeric::bounds<>` provides a consistent interface for retrieving the
+maximum finite value, the minimum finite value and the minimum positive normalized
+value (0 for integral types) for numeric types. The selection of implementation
+is performed at compile time, so there is no runtime overhead.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section traits class bounds<N>]
+
+    template<class N>
+    struct bounds
+    {
+        static N lowest  () { return implementation_defined; }
+        static N highest () { return implementation_defined; }
+        static N smallest() { return implementation_defined; }
+    };
+
+[heading Members]
+
+
+[: `lowest()` ]
+
+Returns the minimum finite value, equivalent to `numeric_limits<T>::min()` when `T`
+is an integral type, and to `-numeric_limits<T>::max()` when `T` is a floating point type.
+
+[: `highest()` ]
+
+Returns the maximum finite value, equivalent to `numeric_limits<T>::max()`.
+
+[: `smallest()` ]
+
+Returns the smallest positive normalized value for floating point types with
+denormalization, or returns 0 for integral types.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Examples]
+
+The following example demonstrates the use of `numeric::bounds<>` and the
+equivalent code using `numeric_limits`:
+
+    #include <iostream>
+
+    #include <boost/numeric/conversion/bounds.hpp>
+    #include <boost/limits.hpp>
+
+    int main() {
+
+        std::cout << "numeric::bounds versus numeric_limits example.\n";
+
+        std::cout << "The maximum value for float:\n";
+        std::cout << boost::numeric::bounds<float>::highest() << "\n";
+        std::cout << std::numeric_limits<float>::max() << "\n";
+
+        std::cout << "The minimum value for float:\n";
+        std::cout << boost::numeric::bounds<float>::lowest() << "\n";
+        std::cout << -std::numeric_limits<float>::max() << "\n";
+
+        std::cout << "The smallest positive value for float:\n";
+        std::cout << boost::numeric::bounds<float>::smallest() << "\n";
+        std::cout << std::numeric_limits<float>::min() << "\n";
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+[library Boost.NumericConversion
+    [quickbook 1.4]
+    [authors [Cacciola Carballal, Fernando Luis]]
+    [copyright 2004-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal]
+    [category numerics]
+    [id numeric_conversion]
+    [dirname numeric_conversion]
+    [purpose
+        Optimized Policy-based Numeric Conversions
+    ]
+    [source-mode c++]
+    [license
+Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+[@http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt])
+    ]
+]
+
+[/ Macros will be used for links so we have a central place to change them ]
+
+
+[/ Cited Boost resources ]
+
+[def __MPL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT__ [@../../../../mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-constant.html MPL's Integral Constant] ]
+
+
+
+[/ Other web resources ]
+
+[def __SGI_UNARY_FUNCTION__ [@http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/UnaryFunction.html Unary Function Object]]
+
+[/ Icons ]
+
+[def __NOTE__ [$images/note.png]]
+[def __ALERT__ [$images/caution.png]]
+[def __DETAIL__ [$images/note.png]]
+[def __TIP__ [$images/tip.png]]
+[def __QUESTION_MARK__ [$images/question.png]]
+[def __SPACE__ [$images/space.png]]
+[def __GO_TO__ [$images/callouts/R.png]]
+
+
+
+
+[section Overview]
+
+The Boost Numeric Conversion library is a collection of tools to describe and
+perform conversions between values of different 
+[link numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types numeric types].
+
+The library includes a special alternative for a subset of `std::numeric_limits<>`,
+the [link numeric_conversion_bounds bounds<>] traits class, which provides 
+a consistent way to obtain the [link numeric_conversion_definitions_range boundary] 
+values for the [link numeric_conversion_definitions_range range] of a numeric type.
+
+It also includes a set of [link numeric_conversion_traits trait classes] 
+which describes the compile-time
+properties of a conversion from a source to a target numeric type.
+Both [link numeric_conversion_cpp_arithmetic_types arithmetic] and 
+[link numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types user-defined numeric types] can be used.
+
+A policy-based [link numeric_conversion_converter converter] object which 
+uses `conversion_traits` to select
+an optimized implementation is supplied. Such implementation uses an optimal
+range checking code suitable for the source/target combination.
+
+* The converter's out-of-range behavior can be customized via an
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler OverflowHandler] policy.
+* For floating-point to integral conversions, the rounding mode can be selected via the
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_float_to_int_rounder Float2IntRounder] policy.
+* A custom low-level conversion routine (for UDTs for instance) can be passed via a
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_raw_converter RawConverter] policy.
+* The optimized automatic range-checking logic can be overridden via a
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker UserRangeChecker] policy.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+
+[include definitions.qbk]
+[include converter.qbk]
+[include requirements.qbk]
+[include bounds.qbk]
+[include conversion_traits.qbk]
+[include converter_policies.qbk]
+[include numeric_cast.qbk]
+
+
+
+[section History and Acknowledgments]
+
+
+[heading Pre-formal review]
+
+* Kevlin Henney, with help from David Abrahams and Beman Dawes, originally contributed
+the previous version of `numeric_cast<>` which already presented the idea of a runtime
+range check.
+
+* Later, Eric Ford, Kevin Lynch and the author spotted some genericity problems with
+that `numeric_cast<>` which prevented it from being used in a generic layer of math
+functions.
+
+* An improved `numeric_cast<>` which properly handled all combinations of arithmetic
+types was presented.
+
+* David Abrahams and Beman Dawes acknowledged the need of an improved version of
+`numeric_cast<>` and supported the submission as originally laid out. Daryl Walker and
+Darin Adler made some important comments and proposed fixes to the original submission.
+
+* Special thanks go to Björn Karlsoon who helped the author considerably. Having found the
+problems with `numeric_cast<>` himself, he revised very carefully the original submission
+and spot a subtle bug in the range checking implementation. He also wrote part of
+this documentation and proof-read and corrected other parts. And most importantly:
+the features now presented here in this library evolved from the original submission as
+a result of the useful private communications between Björn and the author.
+
+[heading Post-formal review]
+
+* Guillaume Melquiond spoted some documentation and code issues, particularly about
+rounding conversions.
+
+* The following people contributed an important review of the design, documentation and c
+ode: Kevin Lynch, Thorsten Ottosen, Paul Bristow, Daryle Walker, Jhon Torjo, Eric Ford,
+Gennadiy Rozental.
+
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Bibliography]
+
+* Standard Documents: 
+    # ISO/IEC 14882:98 (C++98 Standard)
+    # ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (C99 Standard)
+    # ISO/IEC 10967-1 (Language Independent Arithmetic (LIA), Part I, 1994)
+    # ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 (Information Technology - Vocabulary - Part I: Fundamental Terms)
+    # ANSI/IEEE 754-1985 [and IEC 60559:1989] (Binary floating-point)
+    # ANSI/IEEE 854-1988 (Radix Independent floating-point)
+    # ANSI X3/TR-1-82 (Dictionary for Information Processing Systems)
+    # ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14/N753 C9X Revision Proposal: LIA-1 Binding: Rationale
+* Papers:
+    # David Goldberg  What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic
+    # Prof. William Kahan papers on floating-point.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -1,334 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-  <HEAD>
-	 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-	 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../boost.css">
-         <TITLE>Boost Numeric Conversion Library - Conversion Traits</TITLE>
-  </HEAD>
-  <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">
-	 <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
-	  SUMMARY="header">
-		<TR>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top" WIDTH="300">
-			 <H3><A HREF="../../../../index.htm"><IMG HEIGHT="86" WIDTH="277"
-				ALT="C++ Boost" SRC="../../../../boost.png" BORDER="0"></A></H3> </TH>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top">
-			 <H1 ALIGN="center">Boost Numeric Conversion Library</H1>
-
-      <H1><A HREF="http://www.boost.org">Header </A><A
-				HREF="../../../../boost/numeric/conversion/conversion_traits.hpp">boost/numeric/conversion/conversion_traits.hpp</A></H1>
-			 </TH>
-		</TR>
-	 </TABLE> <HR>
-	 <H2>Contents</H2>
-	 <DL CLASS="page-index">
-           <DT><A HREF="#types">Types</A></DT>
-	 </DL>
-	 <UL>
-
-  <LI><A HREF="#ncm"><CODE>enumeration boost::numeric::int_float_mixture_enum;</CODE></A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ncsm"><CODE>enumeration boost::numeric::sign_mixture_enum;</CODE></A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ncum"><CODE>enumeration boost::numeric::udt_builtin_mixture_enum;</CODE></A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ifm"><CODE>template class boost::numeric::int_float_mixture&lt;T,S&gt;</CODE></A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="#sm"><CODE>template class boost::numeric::sign_mixture&lt;T,S&gt;</CODE></A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ubm"><CODE>template class boost::numeric::udt_builtin_mixture&lt;T,S&gt;</CODE></A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="#isr"><CODE>template class boost::numeric::is_subranged&lt;T,S&gt;</CODE></A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="#nct"><CODE>template class boost::numeric::conversion_traits&lt;T,S&gt;</CODE></A></LI>
-	 </UL>
-	 <DL><DT><A HREF="#examples">Example(s)</A></DT></DL>
-         <HR>
-
-<H2><A NAME="types"></A>Types</H2>
-
-<H2><CODE><A NAME="ncm">enumeration int_float_mixture</A>_enum</CODE></H2>
-
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-  enum int_float_mixture_enum
-  {
-     integral_to_integral
-    ,integral_to_float
-    ,float_to_integral
-    ,float_to_float
-  } ;
-
-} } // namespace boost::numeric
-</PRE>
-
-<H2><CODE><A NAME="ncsm">enumeration sign_mixture</A>_enum</CODE></H2>
-
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-enum sign_mixture_enum
-  {
-     unsigned_to_unsigned
-    ,signed_to_signed
-    ,signed_to_unsigned
-    ,unsigned_to_signed
-  } ;
-
-} } // namespace boost::numeric</PRE>
-
-<H2><CODE><A NAME="ncum">enumeration  udt_builtin_mixture</A>_enum</CODE></H2>
-
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-  enum udt_builtin_mixture_enum
-  {
-     builtin_to_builtin
-    ,builtin_to_udt
-    ,udt_to_builtin
-    ,udt_to_udt
-  } ;
-
-} } // namespace boost::numeric</PRE>
-
-<hr>
-
-<H2><A NAME="ifm"><CODE>template class int_float_mixture&lt;&gt;</CODE></A></H2>
-
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-  template &lt;class T, class S&gt;
-  struct int_float_mixture : mpl::integral_c&lt;int_float_mixture_enum, <i>impl-def-value</i>&gt; {} ;
-
-} } // namespace boost::numeric
-</PRE>
-<p>Classifying <code>S</code> and <code>T</code> as either <code>integral</code>
-or <code>float</code>, this <a href="../../../mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-constant.html">MPL's Integral Constant</a>
-indicates the combination of these attributes. <br>
-Its <code>::value</code> is of enumeration type <A HREF="#ncm"><CODE>boost::numeric::int_float_mixture_enum</CODE></A>
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<H2><A NAME="sm"><CODE>template class sign_mixture&lt;&gt;</CODE></A></H2>
-
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-  template &lt;class T, class S&gt;
-  struct sign_mixture : mpl::integral_c&lt;sign_mixture_enum, <i>impl-def-value</i>&gt; {} ;
-
-} } // namespace boost::numeric
-</PRE>
-<p>Classifying <code>S</code> and <code>T</code> as either <code>signed</code>
-or <code>unsigned</code>, this <a href="../../../mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-constant.html">MPL's Integral Constant</a>
-indicates the combination of these attributes. <br>
-Its <code>::value</code> is of enumeration type <A HREF="#ncm"><CODE>boost::numeric::sign_mixture_enum</CODE></A>
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<H2><A NAME="ubm"><CODE>template class udt_builtin_mixture&lt;&gt;</CODE></A></H2>
-
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-  template &lt;class T, class S&gt;
-  struct udt_builtin_mixture : mpl::integral_c&lt;udt_builtin__mixture_enum, <i>impl-def-value</i>&gt; {} ;
-
-} } // namespace boost::numeric
-</PRE>
-<p>Classifying <code>S</code> and <code>T</code> as either <code>user-defined</code>
-or <code>builtin</code>, this <a href="../../../mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-constant.html">MPL's Integral Constant</a>
-indicates the combination of these attributes. <br>
-Its <code>::value</code> is of enumeration type <A HREF="#ncm"><CODE>boost::numeric::udt_builtin_mixture_enum</CODE></A>
-</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<H2><A NAME="isr"><CODE>template class is_subranged&lt;&gt;</CODE></A></H2>
-
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-  template &lt;class T, class S&gt;
-  struct is_subranged : mpl::bool_&lt;<i>impl-def-value</i>&gt; {} ;
-
-} } // namespace boost::numeric
-</PRE>
-<p>Indicates if the range of the target type T is a subset of the range of the source type S.
-That is: if there are some source values which fall out of the Target type's range.<br>
-It is a boolean <a href="../../../mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-constant.html">MPL's Integral Constant</a>..<br>
-It does not indicate if
-a <i>particular</i> conversion is effectively out of range; it indicates that
-some conversion <i>might be</i> out of range because not all the source values
-are representable as Target type.</p>
-
-<hr>
-
-<H2><A NAME="nct"><CODE>template class numeric_conversion_traits&lt;&gt;</CODE></A></H2>
-
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-
-  template &lt;class T, class S&gt;
-  struct numeric_conversion_traits
-  {
-    mpl::integral_c&lt;int_float_mixture_enum  , ...&gt; int_float_mixture ;
-    mpl::integral_c&lt;sign_mixture_enum       , ...&gt; sign_mixture;
-    mpl::integral_c&lt;udt_builtin_mixture_enum, ...&gt; udt_builtin_mixture ;
-
-    mpl::bool_&lt;...&gt; subranged ;
-    mpl::bool_&lt;...&gt; trivial ;
-
-    typedef ... target_type   ;
-    typedef ... source_type   ;
-    typedef ... argument_type ;
-    typedef ... result_type   ;
-    typedef ... supertype     ;
-    typedef ... subtype       ;
-  } ;
-
-} } // namespace numeric, namespace boost
-</PRE>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-
-  <P>This traits class indicates some properties of a <i>numeric conversion direction</i>:
-    from a source type to a target type. It does not indicate the properties of
-    a <i>specific</i> conversion, but of the conversion <i>direction</i>. See
-    <A href="definitions.html#subranged">Definitions</A> for details.<br>
-  </P>
-
-  <P>The traits class provides the following
-     <a href="../../../mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-constant.html">MPL's Integral Constants</a>
-     of enumeration type. They express the <i>combination</i> of certain attributes of the Source and
-    Target types (thus they are call <i>mixture</i>):</P>
-		<TABLE BORDER="1">
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE><B>int_float_mixture</B></CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-
-      <TD>
-        <P>Same as given by the traits class <A HREF="#ifm"><CODE>int_float_mixture</CODE></A></P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE><B>sign_mixture</B></CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-
-      <TD>
-        <P>Same as given by the traits class <A HREF="#sm"><CODE>sign_mixture</CODE></A></P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE><B>udt_builtin_mixture</B></CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-
-      <TD>
-        <P>Same as given by the traits class <A HREF="#ubm"><CODE>udt_builtin_mixture</CODE></A></P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		</TABLE>
-
-  <P>The traits class provides the following
-     <a href="../../../mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-constant.html">MPL's Integral Constants</a>
-    of boolean type which indicates indirectly the relation between the Source and Target
-    <i>ranges</i>
-    (see <A href="definitions.html#range">Definitions</A> for details).</P>
-		<TABLE BORDER="1">
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE> <B>subranged</B></CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-
-      <TD>
-        <P>Same as given by <A HREF="#isr"><CODE>is_subranged</CODE></A></P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE> <B>trivial</B></CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-
-      <TD>
-        <P>Indicates if both Source and Target, <u>without cv-qualifications</u>, are
-          the same type.<br>
-          Its <code>::value</code> is of boolean type.</P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		</TABLE>
-
-  <P>The traits class provides the following types. They are the Source and Target
-    types classified and qualified for different purposes.</P>
-
-  <TABLE BORDER="1" width="720">
-    <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE><B>target_type</B></CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-			 <TD>
-
-        <P>The template parameter <CODE>T</CODE><EM> without cv-qualifications</EM></P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE><B>source_type</B></CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-			 <TD>
-
-        <P>The template parameter <CODE>S</CODE><EM> without cv-qualifications</EM></P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE><B>argument_type</B></CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-			 <TD>
- 		<P>This type is either <CODE>source_type</CODE> or <CODE>source_type
-const&amp;</CODE>. <BR> It represents the <I>optimal</I> argument type for the
- 		  <A HREF="converter.html">converter</A> member functions.<BR>
-          If <CODE>S</CODE> is a built-in type, this is <CODE>source_type</CODE>,
-          otherwise, this is <CODE>source_type const&amp;</CODE>. </P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE><B>result_type</B></CODE></TD>
-			 <TD>
-				<P>This type is either <CODE>target_type</CODE> or <CODE>target_type
-const&amp;</CODE> <BR> It represents the return type of the
-				  <A HREF="converter.html">converter</A> member functions.<BR>
-          If <CODE>T==S</CODE>, it is <CODE>target_type const&amp;</CODE>, otherwise,
-          it is <CODE>target_type</CODE>.</P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		  <TR>
-
-      <TD height="37">&nbsp;<CODE><B>supertype</B></CODE></TD>
-
-      <TD height="37">
-        <P>If the conversion is <CODE>subranged</CODE>, it is <CODE>source_type</CODE>,
-          otherwise, it is <CODE>target_type</CODE></P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		  <TR>
-			 <TD>&nbsp;<CODE><B>subtype</B></CODE></TD>
-      <TD height="37">
-        <P>If the conversion is <CODE>subranged</CODE>, it is <CODE>target_type</CODE>,
-          otherwise, it is <CODE>source_type</CODE></P>
-      </TD>
-		  </TR>
-		</TABLE> </BLOCKQUOTE> <HR>
-
-<H2><A NAME="examples">Examples</A></H2>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <PRE>#include &lt;boost/numeric/conversion_traits.hpp&gt;
-
-int main() {
-
-  // A trivial conversion.
-  typedef boost::numeric::conversion_traits&lt;short,short&gt; Short2Short_Traits ;
-  assert ( Short2Short_Traits::trivial::value ) ;
-
-  // A subranged conversion.
-  typedef boost::numeric::conversion_traits&lt;double,unsigned int&gt; UInt2Double_Traits ;
-  assert (  UInt2Double_Traits::mixture::value == boost::numeric::integral_to_float ) ;
-  assert (  UInt2Double_Traits::sign_mixture::value == boost::numeric::unsigned_to_signed ) ;
-  assert ( !UInt2Double_Traits::subranged::value ) ;
-  assert ( typeid(UInt2Double_Traits::supertype) == typeid(double) ) ;
-  assert ( typeid(UInt2Double_Traits::subtype) == typeid(unsigned int) ) ;
-
-  // A doubly subranged conversion.
-  assert (    boost::numeric::conversion_traits&lt;short, unsigned short&gt;::subranged::value
-           &amp;&amp; boost::numeric::conversion_traits&lt;unsigned short, short&gt;::subranged::value
-         )
-
-  return 0;
-}</PRE>
-   </BLOCKQUOTE>
-<HR>
-<P>Back to <A HREF="index.html">Numeric Conversion library index</A></P>
-<HR>
-<P>Revised 23 June 2004</P>
-<p>© Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2004</p>
-<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+[/
+    Boost.Optional
+
+    Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
+
+    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_traits]
+
+[section conversion_traits<> traits class]
+
+[section Types]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_traits_int_float_mixture_enum]
+
+[section enumeration int_float_mixture_enum]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        enum int_float_mixture_enum
+        {
+           integral_to_integral
+          ,integral_to_float
+          ,float_to_integral
+          ,float_to_float
+        } ;
+
+    } } // namespace boost::numeric
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_traits_sign_mixture_enum]
+
+[section enumeration sign_mixture_enum]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+    enum sign_mixture_enum
+    {
+       unsigned_to_unsigned
+      ,signed_to_signed
+      ,signed_to_unsigned
+      ,unsigned_to_signed
+    } ;
+
+    } } // namespace boost::numeric
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_traits_udt_builtin_mixture_enum]
+
+[section enumeration udt_builtin_mixture_enum]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        enum udt_builtin_mixture_enum
+        {
+           builtin_to_builtin
+          ,builtin_to_udt
+          ,udt_to_builtin
+          ,udt_to_udt
+        } ;
+
+    } } // namespace boost::numeric
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_traits_class_int_float_mixture]
+
+[section template class int_float_mixture<>]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        template <class T, class S>
+        struct int_float_mixture : mpl::integral_c<int_float_mixture_enum, impl-def-value> {} ;
+
+    } } // namespace boost::numeric
+
+Classifying `S` and `T` as either integral or float, this __MPL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT__
+indicates the combination of these attributes.
+
+Its `::value` is of enumeration type
+[link numeric_conversion_traits_int_float_mixture_enum `boost::numeric::int_float_mixture_enum`]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_traits_class_sign_mixture]
+
+[section template class sign_mixture<>]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        template <class T, class S>
+        struct sign_mixture : mpl::integral_c<sign_mixture_enum, impl-def-value> {} ;
+
+    } } // namespace boost::numeric
+
+Classifying `S` and `T` as either signed or unsigned, this __MPL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT__
+indicates the combination of these attributes.
+
+Its `::value` is of enumeration type
+[link numeric_conversion_traits_sign_mixture_enum `boost::numeric::sign_mixture_enum`]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_traits_class_udt_builtin_mixture]
+
+[section template class udt_builtin_mixture<>]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        template <class T, class S>
+        struct udt_builtin_mixture : mpl::integral_c<udt_builtin__mixture_enum, impl-def-value> {} ;
+
+    } } // namespace boost::numeric
+
+Classifying `S` and `T` as either user-defined or builtin, this __MPL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT__
+indicates the combination of these attributes.
+
+Its `::value` is of enumeration type
+[link numeric_conversion_traits_udt_builtin_mixture_enum `boost::numeric::udt_builtin_mixture_enum`]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_traits_is_subranged]
+
+[section template class is_subranged<>]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        template <class T, class S>
+        struct is_subranged : mpl::bool_<impl-def-value> {} ;
+
+    } } // namespace boost::numeric
+
+Indicates if the range of the target type `T` is a subset of the range of the source
+type `S`. That is: if there are some source values which fall out of the
+Target type's range.
+
+It is a boolean __MPL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT__.
+
+It does not indicate if a particular conversion is effectively out of range;
+it indicates that some conversion might be out of range because not all the
+source values are representable as Target type.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section template class conversion_traits<>]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        template <class T, class S>
+        struct conversion_traits
+        {
+            mpl::integral_c<int_float_mixture_enum  , ...> int_float_mixture ;
+            mpl::integral_c<sign_mixture_enum       , ...> sign_mixture;
+            mpl::integral_c<udt_builtin_mixture_enum, ...> udt_builtin_mixture ;
+
+            mpl::bool_<...> subranged ;
+            mpl::bool_<...> trivial ;
+
+            typedef T target_type   ;
+            typedef S source_type   ;
+            typedef ... argument_type ;
+            typedef ... result_type   ;
+            typedef ... supertype     ;
+            typedef ... subtype       ;
+        } ;
+
+    } } // namespace numeric, namespace boost
+
+
+This traits class indicates some properties of a ['numeric conversion] direction:
+from a source type `S` to a target type `T`. It does not indicate the properties
+of a ['specific] conversion, but of the conversion direction. See
+[link numeric_conversion_definitions_subranged Definitions] for details.
+
+The traits class provides the following __MPL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT__\s of enumeration
+type. They express the combination of certain attributes of the Source and
+Target types (thus they are call mixture):
+
+[table
+[[       ][        ]]
+[[[*int_float_mixture   ]][
+Same as given by the traits class
+[link numeric_conversion_traits_class_int_float_mixture int_float_mixture]
+]]
+[[[*sign_mixture        ]][
+Same as given by the traits class
+[link numeric_conversion_traits_class_sign_mixture sign_mixture]
+]]
+[[[*udt_builtin_mixture ]]
+[Same as given by the traits class
+[link numeric_conversion_traits_class_udt_builtin_mixture udt_builtin_mixture]
+]]
+]
+
+The traits class provides the following __MPL_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT__\s of boolean type
+which indicates indirectly the relation between the Source and Target ranges
+(see [link numeric_conversion_definitions_range Definitions] for details).
+
+[table
+[[       ][        ]]
+[[subranged ][
+Same as given by [link numeric_conversion_traits_is_subranged is_subranged]
+]]
+[[trivial][
+Indicates if both Source and Target, [_without cv-qualifications], are the same type.
+
+Its `::value` is of boolean type.
+]]
+]
+
+The traits class provides the following types. They are the Source and Target types classified
+and qualified for different purposes.
+
+
+[table
+[[            ][         ]]
+[[[*target_type]][
+The template parameter `T` without cv-qualifications
+]]
+[[[*source_type]][
+The template parameter `S` without cv-qualifications
+]]
+[[[*argument_type]][
+This type is either source_type or `source_type const&`.
+
+It represents the optimal argument type for the
+[link numeric_conversion_converter converter] member functions.
+
+If S is a built-in type, this is `source_type`, otherwise, this is `source_type const&`.
+]]
+[[[*result_type]][
+This type is either target_type or target_type const&
+
+It represents the return type of the 
+[link numeric_conversion_converter converter] member functions.
+
+If `T==S`, it is `target_type const&`, otherwise, it is `target_type`.
+]]
+[[[*supertype]][
+If the conversion is subranged, it is `source_type`, otherwise, it is `target_type`
+]]
+[[[*subtype]][
+If the conversion is subranged, it is `target_type`, otherwise, it is `source_type`
+]]
+]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Examples]
+
+    #include <cassert>
+    #include <typeinfo>
+    #include <boost/numeric/conversion/conversion_traits.hpp>
+
+    int main()
+    {
+
+        // A trivial conversion.
+        typedef boost::numeric::conversion_traits<short,short> Short2Short_Traits ;
+        assert ( Short2Short_Traits::trivial::value ) ;
+
+        // A subranged conversion.
+        typedef boost::numeric::conversion_traits<double,unsigned int> UInt2Double_Traits ;
+        assert (  UInt2Double_Traits::int_float_mixture::value == boost::numeric::integral_to_float ) ;
+        assert (  UInt2Double_Traits::sign_mixture::value == boost::numeric::unsigned_to_signed ) ;
+        assert ( !UInt2Double_Traits::subranged::value ) ;
+        assert ( typeid(UInt2Double_Traits::supertype) == typeid(double) ) ;
+        assert ( typeid(UInt2Double_Traits::subtype) == typeid(unsigned int) ) ;
+
+        // A doubly subranged conversion.
+        assert ( (boost::numeric::conversion_traits<short, unsigned short>::subranged::value) );
+        assert ( (boost::numeric::conversion_traits<unsigned short, short>::subranged::value) );
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
+
@@ -1,268 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-
-<HEAD>
-<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../boost.css">
-<TITLE>Boost Numeric Conversion Library - Policy-based Converter</TITLE>
-</HEAD>
-
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">
-<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
- SUMMARY="header">
-<TR>
-<TD VALIGN="top" WIDTH="300"> <H3><A HREF="http://www.boost.org"><IMG
-HEIGHT="86" WIDTH="277" ALT="C++ Boost" SRC="../../../../boost.png"
-BORDER="0"></A> </H3>
-</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="top"> <H1 ALIGN="center">Boost Numeric Conversion Library</H1>
-      <H1><A HREF="http://www.boost.org">Header </A><A
-HREF="../../../../boost/numeric/conversion/converter.hpp">boost/numeric/conversion/converter.hpp</A></H1>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-<HR>
-<H2>Contents</H2>
-<DT><A HREF="#synposis">Synopsis</A></DT>
-<DT><A HREF="requirements.html">User Defined Types support</A></DT>
-<DT><A HREF="#rchklogic">Range Checking Logic</A></DT>
-<DT><A HREF="#examples">Examples</A></DT>
-
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="synopsis">Synopsis</A></H2>
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-
-template&lt;class T,
-         class S,
-         class Traits,          = conversion_traits&lt;T,S&gt;
-         class OverflowHandler  = def_overflow_handler,
-         class Float2IntRounder = Trunc&lt; typename Traits::source_type &gt;,
-         class RawConverter     = raw_converter&lt;Traits&gt;,
-         class UserRangeChecker = UseInternalRangeChecker
-        &gt;
-struct converter
-{
-  typedef Traits traits ;
-
-  typedef typename Traits::source_type   source_type   ;
-  typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
-  typedef typename Traits::result_type   result_type   ;
-
-  static result_type convert ( argument_type s ) ;
-
-  result_type operator() ( argument_type s ) const ;
-
-  // Internal member functions:
-
-    static range_check_result out_of_range      ( argument_type s ) ;
-    static void               validate_range    ( argument_type s ) ;
-    static result_type        low_level_convert ( argument_type s ) ;
-    static source_type        nearbyint         ( argument_type s ) ;
-
-} ;
-
-} } // namespace numeric, boost
-</PRE>
-
-<P><code>boost::numeric::converter&lt;&gt;</code> is a
-<a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/UnaryFunction.html">Unary Function Object</a>
-encapsulating the code to perform a numeric conversion with the direction and properties specified
-  by the <CODE>Traits</CODE> template parameter. It can optionally take some
-  <A HREF="converter_policies.html">policies</a>
-  which can be used to customize its behavior. The Traits parameter is not a policy but
-  the parameter that defines the conversion.
-</P>
-<hr>
-<h2>Template parameters:</h2>
-<TABLE BORDER="1">
-  <TR>
-    <TD>&nbsp;<CODE>Traits</CODE>&nbsp;</TD>
-    <TD>&nbsp;This must be a conversion traits class with the interface of
-     <A HREF="conversion_traits.html">boost::numeric::conversion_traits</A>
-    </TD>
-  </TR>
-  <TR>
-    <TD>&nbsp;<A HREF="converter_policies.html#oh"><CODE>OverflowHandler</CODE></A>&nbsp;</TD>
-    <TD>&nbsp;<B>Stateless Policy</B> called to administrate the result of the
-      range checking.<br>
-      &nbsp;It is a <b>Function Object</b> which receives the result of <CODE>out_of_range()</CODE>
-      and is called inside the <CODE>validate_range()</CODE> static member function
-      exposed by the converter.</TD>
-  </TR>
-  <TR>
-    <TD>&nbsp;<A HREF="converter_policies.html#f2i"><CODE>Float2IntRounder</CODE></A>&nbsp;</TD>
-    <TD>&nbsp;<B>Stateless Policy</B> which specifies the rounding mode used for
-      float to integral conversions.<br>
-      &nbsp;It supplies the <CODE>nearbyint()</CODE> static member function exposed
-      by the converter.</TD>
-  </TR>
-  <TR>
-    <TD>&nbsp;<A HREF="converter_policies.html#rawc"><CODE>RawConverter</CODE></A>&nbsp;</TD>
-    <TD>&nbsp;<B>Stateless Policy</B> which is used to perform the actual conversion.
-      <br>
-      &nbsp;It supplies the<CODE> low_level_convert()</CODE> static member function
-      exposed by the converter.</TD>
-  </TR>
-  <TR>
-    <TD>&nbsp;<A HREF="converter_policies.html#rangecheck"><CODE>UserRangeChecker</CODE></A>&nbsp;</TD>
-    <TD><i>Special and Optional</i> <b>Stateless Policy</b> which can be used to override
-      the internal range checking logic.<br>
-      If given, supplies alternative code for the out_of_range() and validate_range()
-      static member functions exposed by the converter.</TD>
-  </TR>
-</TABLE>
-<br>
-<hr>
-<h2>Member functions:</h2>
-<P><CODE>static result_type converter&lt;&gt;::convert ( argument_type s ) ; //
-  throw</CODE></P>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <P>This static member function converts an rvalue of type source_type to an rvalue
-    of type target_type.<BR>
-    If the conversion requires it, it performs a range checking before the conversion
-    and passes the result of the check to the overflow handler policy (the default
-    policy throws an exception if out-of-range is detected)<BR>
-    The implementation of this function is actually built from the policies and
-    is basically as follows:</P>
-  <PRE>   result_type converter<>::convert ( argument_type s )
-   {
-     validate_range(s); // Implemented by the internal range checking logic
-                        // (which also calls the OverflowHandler policy)
-                        // or externally supplied by the UserRangeChecker policy.
-
-     s = nearbyint(s); // Externally supplied by the Float2IntRounder policy.
-                       // NOTE: This is actually called only for float to int conversions.
-
-     return low_level_convert(s); // Externally supplied by the RawConverter policy.
-   }
-</PRE>
-
-  <P>&quot;converter&lt;&gt;::operator() const&quot; just calls <CODE>convert()</CODE></P>
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<P><CODE>static range_check_result numeric_converter&lt;&gt;::out_of_range (
-argument_type s ) ;</CODE></P>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <P>This <A HREF="#int">internal</A> static member function determines if the
-    value 's' can be represented by the target type without overflow. <BR>
-    It does not determine if the conversion is <EM>exact</EM>; that is, it does
-    not detect <i>inexact</i> conversions, only <i>out-of-range</i> conversions
-    (see the <a href="definitions.html#roundoff">Definitions</a> for further details).<BR>
-    The return value is of enum type
-    <A HREF="converter_policies.html#rcr"><CODE>boost::numeric::range_check_result</CODE></A><BR>
-    The actual code for the range checking logic is optimized for the combined
-    properties of the source and target types. For example, a non-subranged conversion
-    (i.e: int-&gt;float), requires no range checking, so out_of_range() returns
-    cInRange directly. See the following <A HREF="#rchklogic">table</A> for more
-    details.<br>
-    If the user supplied a <a href="converter_policies.html#rangecheck">UserRangeChecker</a>
-    policy, is this policy which implements this function, so the implementation
-    is user defined, although it is expected to perform the same conceptual check
-    and return the appropriate result.</P>
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<P><CODE>static void numeric_converter&lt;&gt;::validate_range ( argument_type
-s ) ; // no throw</CODE></P>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <P>This <A HREF="#int">internal</A> static member function calls <CODE>out_of_range(s)</CODE>,
-    and passes the result to the <A
-HREF="converter_policies.html#oh"><CODE>OverflowHandler</CODE></A> policy class
-    <BR>
-    For those Target/Source combinations which don't require range checking, this
-    is an <U>empty inline function</U>.<br>
-    If the user supplied a <a href="converter_policies.html#rangecheck">UserRangeChecker</a>
-    policy, is this policy which implements this function, so the implementation
-    is user defined, although it is expected to perform the same action as the
-    default. In particular, it is expected to pass the result of the check to
-    the overflow handler.</P>
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<P><CODE>static result_type numeric_converter&lt;&gt;::low_level_convert (
-argument_type s ) ;</CODE></P>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <P>This <A HREF="#int">internal</A> static member function performs the actual
-    conversion.<BR>
-This function is externally supplied by the <A
-HREF="converter_policies.html#rawc"><CODE>RawConverter</CODE></A> policy class.</P>
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<P><CODE>static source_type converter&lt;&gt;::nearbyint (
-argument_type s ) ;</CODE></P>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <P>This <A HREF="#int">internal</A> static member function, which is <U>only
-    used</U> for float to int conversions, returns an <I>integer value of <U>floating-point
-    type</U></I> according to some rounding direction. <BR>
-    This function is externally supplied by the <A
-HREF="converter_policies.html#f2i"><CODE>Float2IntRounder</CODE></A> policy class
-    which encapsulates the specific rounding mode.</P>
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<hr>
-<P><A NAME="int"><B>Internal Member Functions</B>:</A> These static member functions
-  build the actual conversion code used by <CODE>convert()</CODE>. The user does
-  not have to call these if calling convert(), since convert() calls them infernally,
-  but they can be called separately for specific needs.</P>
-<hr>
-<H2><A NAME="rchklogic">Range Checking Logic</A></H2>
-<P>The Following table summarizes the internal range checking logic performed
-  for each combination of the properties of Source and Target.<br>
-  LowestT/HighestT denotes the highest and lowest values of the Target type, respectively.<br>
-  S(n) is short for &quot;static_cast&lt;S&gt;(n)&quot; (S denotes the Source
-  type).<br>
-  &quot;NONE&quot; indicates that for this case there is no range checking.</P>
-<Pre>&nbsp; int_to_int    |--> sig_to_sig     |--> subranged     |--> ( s >= S(LowestT) ) && ( s <= S(HighestT) )
-                |                   |--> not subranged |--> NONE
-                |
-                |--> unsig_to_unsig |--> subranged     |--> ( s >= S(LowestT) ) && ( s <= S(HighestT) )
-                |                   |--> not subranged |--> NONE
-                |
-                |--> sig_to_unsig   |--> pos subranged     |--> ( s >= S(0) ) && ( s <= S(HighestT) )
-                |                   |--> not pos subranged |--> ( s >= S(0) )
-                |
-                |--> unsig_to_sig   |--> subranged     |--> ( s <= S(HighestT) )
-                |                   |--> not subranged |--> NONE
-
- int_to_float   |--> NONE
-
- float_to_int   |--> round_to_zero         |--> ( s >  S(LowestT)-S(1)   ) && ( s <  S(HighestT)+S(1)   )
-                |--> round_to_even_nearest |--> ( s >= S(LowestT)-S(0.5) ) && ( s &lt;  S(HighestT)+S(0.5) )
-                |--> round_to_infinity     |--> ( s >  S(LowestT)-S(1)   ) && ( s <= S(HighestT)        )
-                |--> round_to_neg_infinity |--> ( s >= S(LowestT)        ) && ( s <  S(HighestT)+S(1)   )
-
- float_to_float |--> subranged     |--> ( s >= S(LowestT) ) && ( s <= S(HighestT) )
-                |--> not subranged |--> NONE
-
-</Pre>
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="examples">Examples</A></H2>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <PRE>#include &lt;boost/numeric/conversion/converter.hpp&gt;
-
-int main() {
-
-  typedef boost::numeric::converter&lt;int,doublegt; Double2Int ;
-
-  int x = Double2Int::convert(2.0);
-  assert ( x == 2 );
-
-  int y = Double2Int()(3.14); // As a function object.
-  assert ( y == 3 ) ; // The default rounding is trunc.
-
-  try
-  {
-    double m = boost::numeric::bounds&lt;double&gt;::highest();
-    int z = Double2Int::convert(m); // By default throws positive_overflow()
-  }
-  catch ( boost::numeric::positive_overflow const&amp; )
-  {
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}</PRE>
-   </BLOCKQUOTE>
-<HR>
-<P>Back to <A HREF="index.html">Numeric Conversion library index</A></P>
-<HR>
-<P>Revised 23 June 2004</P>
-<p>© Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2004</p>
-<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+[/
+    Boost.Optional
+
+    Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
+
+    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_converter]
+
+[section converter<> function object]
+
+[section Synopsis]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+
+        template<class T,
+                 class S,
+                 class Traits,          = conversion_traits<T,S>
+                 class OverflowHandler  = def_overflow_handler,
+                 class Float2IntRounder = Trunc< typename Traits::source_type >,
+                 class RawConverter     = raw_converter<Traits>,
+                 class UserRangeChecker = UseInternalRangeChecker
+                >
+        struct converter
+        {
+            typedef Traits traits ;
+
+            typedef typename Traits::source_type   source_type   ;
+            typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
+            typedef typename Traits::result_type   result_type   ;
+
+            static result_type convert ( argument_type s ) ;
+
+            result_type operator() ( argument_type s ) const ;
+
+            // Internal member functions:
+
+            static range_check_result out_of_range      ( argument_type s ) ;
+            static void               validate_range    ( argument_type s ) ;
+            static result_type        low_level_convert ( argument_type s ) ;
+            static source_type        nearbyint         ( argument_type s ) ;
+
+        } ;
+
+    } } // namespace numeric, boost
+
+
+`boost::numeric::converter<>` is a __SGI_UNARY_FUNCTION__ encapsulating
+the code to perform a numeric conversion with the direction and
+properties specified by the Traits template parameter. It can optionally
+take some [link numeric_coversion_converter_policies policies] which can be used to customize its behavior. The
+`Traits` parameter is not a policy but the parameter that defines
+the conversion.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Template parameters]
+
+[table
+[[            ][           ]]
+[[`T`][
+The [link numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types Numeric Type] 
+which is the ['Target] of the conversion.
+]]
+[[`S`][
+The [link numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types Numeric Type] 
+which is the ['Source] of the conversion.
+]]
+[[`Traits`][
+This must be a conversion traits class with the interface of
+[link numeric_conversion_traits `boost::numeric::conversion_traits`]
+]]
+[[`OverflowHandler`][
+[*Stateless Policy] called to administrate the result of the range checking.
+
+It is a [*Function Object] which receives the result of `out_of_range()`
+and is called inside the `validate_range()` static member function exposed
+by the converter.
+]]
+[[`Float2IntRounder`][
+[*Stateless Policy] which specifies the rounding mode used for float to
+integral conversions.
+
+It supplies the `nearbyint()` static member function exposed by the converter.
+]]
+[[`RawConverter`][
+[*Stateless Policy] which is used to perform the actual conversion.
+
+It supplies the `low_level_convert()` static member function exposed
+by the converter.
+]]
+[[`UserRangeChecker`][
+['Special and Optional] [*Stateless Policy] which can be used to override
+the internal range checking logic.
+
+If given, supplies alternative code for the `out_of_range()` and
+`validate_range()` static member functions exposed by the converter.
+]]
+]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Member functions]
+
+[: `static result_type converter<>::convert ( argument_type s ) ; // throw
+`]
+
+This static member function converts an rvalue of type `source_type` to
+an rvalue of type `target_type`.
+
+If the conversion requires it, it performs a range checking before the conversion
+and passes the result of the check to the overflow handler policy (the default
+policy throws an exception if out-of-range is detected)
+
+The implementation of this function is actually built from the policies and is
+basically as follows:
+
+    result_type converter<>::convert ( argument_type s )
+    {
+        validate_range(s); // Implemented by the internal range checking logic
+                           // (which also calls the OverflowHandler policy)
+                           // or externally supplied by the UserRangeChecker policy.
+
+        s = nearbyint(s); // Externally supplied by the Float2IntRounder policy.
+                          // NOTE: This is actually called only for float to int conversions.
+
+        return low_level_convert(s); // Externally supplied by the RawConverter policy.
+    }
+
+`converter<>::operator() const` just calls `convert()`
+
+__SPACE__
+
+[: `static range_check_result numeric_converter<>::out_of_range ( argument_type s ) ;`]
+
+This [link numeric_conversion_converter_internal internal] static member function 
+determines if the value `s` can be
+represented by the target type without overflow.
+
+It does not determine if the conversion is ['exact]; that is, it does not detect
+['inexact] conversions, only ['out-of-range] conversions (see the
+[link numeric_conversion_definitions_roundoff Definitions] for further details).
+
+The return value is of enum type 
+[link numeric_conversion_converter_policies_range_check_result `boost::numeric::range_check_result`]
+
+The actual code for the range checking logic is optimized for the combined
+properties of the source and target types. For example, a non-subranged
+conversion (i.e: `int`->`float`), requires no range checking, so `out_of_range()`
+returns `cInRange` directly. See the following 
+[link numeric_conversion_converter_range_checking_logic table] for more details.
+
+If the user supplied a
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker UserRangeChecker] policy, 
+is this policy which implements this function, so the implementation is user 
+defined, although it is expected to perform the same conceptual check and 
+return the appropriate result.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+[: `static void numeric_converter<>::validate_range ( argument_type s ) ; // no throw
+`]
+
+This [link numeric_conversion_converter_internal internal] static member function 
+calls out_of_range(s), and passes the
+result to the [link numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler OverflowHandler] 
+policy class.
+
+For those Target/Source combinations which don't require range checking, this
+is an empty inline function.
+
+If the user supplied a 
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker UserRangeChecker] policy, 
+is this policy which implements this function, so the implementation is user 
+defined, although it is expected to perform the same action as the default. 
+In particular, it is expected to pass the result of the check to the overflow handler.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+[: `static result_type numeric_converter<>::low_level_convert ( argument_type s ) ;` ]
+
+This [link numeric_conversion_converter_internal internal] static member function 
+performs the actual conversion.
+
+This function is externally supplied by the 
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_raw_converter RawConverter] policy class.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+[: `static source_type converter<>::nearbyint ( argument_type s ) ;`]
+
+This [link numeric_conversion_converter_internal internal] static member function, 
+which is [_only used] for
+`float` to `int` conversions, returns an ['integer] value of ['[_floating-point
+type]] according to some rounding direction.
+
+This function is externally supplied by the 
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_float_to_int_rounder Float2IntRounder] policy class
+which encapsulates the specific rounding mode.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+[#numeric_conversion_converter_internal]
+
+[heading Internal Member Functions]
+
+These static member functions build the actual conversion code used by `convert()`.
+The user does not have to call these if calling `convert()`, since `convert()` calls
+them infernally, but they can be called separately for specific needs.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_converter_range_checking_logic]
+
+[section Range Checking Logic]
+
+The following table summarizes the internal range checking logic performed for
+each combination of the properties of Source and Target.
+
+LowestT/HighestT denotes the highest and lowest values of the Target type, respectively.
+
+`S(n)` is short for `static_cast<S>(n)` (`S` denotes the Source type).
+
+`NONE` indicates that for this case there is no range checking.
+
+[pre
+[^
+int_to_int    |--> sig_to_sig     |--> subranged     |--> ( s >= S(LowestT) ) && ( s <= S(HighestT) )
+              |                   |--> not subranged |--> NONE
+              |
+              |--> unsig_to_unsig |--> subranged     |--> ( s >= S(LowestT) ) && ( s <= S(HighestT) )
+              |                   |--> not subranged |--> NONE
+              |
+              |--> sig_to_unsig   |--> pos subranged     |--> ( s >= S(0) ) && ( s <= S(HighestT) )
+              |                   |--> not pos subranged |--> ( s >= S(0) )
+              |
+              |--> unsig_to_sig   |--> subranged     |--> ( s <= S(HighestT) )
+              |                   |--> not subranged |--> NONE
+]
+[^
+int_to_float   |--> NONE
+]
+[^
+float_to_int   |--> round_to_zero         |--> ( s >  S(LowestT)-S(1)   ) && ( s <  S(HighestT)+S(1)   )
+               |--> round_to_even_nearest |--> ( s >= S(LowestT)-S(0.5) ) && ( s <  S(HighestT)+S(0.5) )
+               |--> round_to_infinity     |--> ( s >  S(LowestT)-S(1)   ) && ( s <= S(HighestT)        )
+               |--> round_to_neg_infinity |--> ( s >= S(LowestT)        ) && ( s <  S(HighestT)+S(1)   )
+]
+[^
+float_to_float |--> subranged     |--> ( s >= S(LowestT) ) && ( s <= S(HighestT) )
+               |--> not subranged |--> NONE
+]
+]
+
+
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Examples]
+
+    #include <cassert>
+    #include <boost/numeric/conversion/converter.hpp>
+
+    int main() {
+
+        typedef boost::numeric::converter<int,double> Double2Int ;
+
+        int x = Double2Int::convert(2.0);
+        assert ( x == 2 );
+
+        int y = Double2Int()(3.14); // As a function object.
+        assert ( y == 3 ) ; // The default rounding is trunc.
+
+        try
+        {
+            double m = boost::numeric::bounds<double>::highest();
+            int z = Double2Int::convert(m); // By default throws positive_overflow()
+        }
+        catch ( boost::numeric::positive_overflow const& )
+        {
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-
-<HEAD>
-<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../boost.css">
-<TITLE>Boost Numeric Conversion Library - Converter Policies</TITLE>
-</HEAD>
-
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">
-<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
- SUMMARY="header">
-<TR>
-<TD VALIGN="top" WIDTH="300"> <H3><A HREF="http://www.boost.org"><IMG
-HEIGHT="86" WIDTH="277" ALT="C++ Boost" SRC="../../../../boost.png"
-BORDER="0"></A> </H3>
-</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="top"> <H1 ALIGN="center">Boost Numeric Conversion Library</H1>
-      <H1><A HREF="http://www.boost.org">Header </A><A
-HREF="../../../../boost/numeric/conversion/converter_policies.hpp">boost/numeric/conversion/converter_policies.hpp</A></H1>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-<HR>
-<H2>Contents</H2>
-<ol>
-<LI><A HREF="#rcr"><CODE>enumeration range_check_result</CODE></A> </LI>
-<LI><A HREF="#oh"><CODE>Policy OverflowHandler</CODE></A>
-<UL>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#oh_silent"><CODE>silent_overflow_handler</CODE></A></LI>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#oh_def"><CODE>def_overflow_handler</CODE></A> (Default Policy)</LI>
-<ul>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#bad_numc"><CODE>bad_numeric_conversion</CODE></A></LI>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#negovr"><CODE>negative_overflow</CODE></A></LI>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#posovr"><CODE>positive_overflow</CODE></A></LI>
-</ul>
-</UL>
-</LI>
-<LI><A HREF="#f2i"><CODE>Policy FloatToIntRounder</CODE></A> <UL>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#trunc"><CODE>Trunc&lt;T&gt;</CODE></A> (Default Policy)</LI>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#round"><CODE>RoundEven&lt;T&gt;</CODE></A></LI>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#ceil"><CODE>Ceil&lt;T&gt;</CODE></A></LI>
-<LI>class <A HREF="#floor"><CODE>Floor&lt;T&gt;</CODE></A></LI>
-</UL>
-</LI>
-<LI><A HREF="#rawc"><CODE>Policy RawConverter</CODE></A><UL>
-      <LI>class <A HREF="#rawnumc"><CODE>raw_converter class</CODE></A> (Default)</LI>
-</UL>
-</LI>
-<LI><A HREF="#rc"><CODE>Policy UserRangeChecker</CODE></A><UL>
-      <LI>class <A HREF="#int_rc"><CODE>UseInternalRangeChecker class</CODE></A> (Default)</LI>
-</UL>
-</LI>
-</ol>
-
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="types">Types</A></H2>
-<H2><A NAME="rcr"><CODE>enum range_check_result</CODE></A></H2>
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-
-  enum range_check_result
-  {
-    cInRange     ,
-    cNegOverflow ,
-    cPosOverflow
-  } ;
-
-
-} }</PRE>
-
-<P>Defines the values returned by <CODE>boost::numeric::converter&lt;&gt;::out_of_range()</CODE>
-</P>
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="oh">Policy <CODE>OverflowHandler</CODE></A></H2>
-<P>This <EM>stateless</EM> non-template policy class must be a <I>function object</I>
-  and is called to administrate the result of the range checking. It can throw
-  an exception if overflow has been detected by the range checking as indicated
-  by its argument. If it throws, is is recommended that it be <CODE>std::bad_cast</CODE>
-  or derived.</P>
-<P>It must have the following interface (it does not has to be a template class):</P>
-<PRE>  struct YourOverflowHandlerPolicy
-  {
-    void operator() ( boost::range_check_result ) ; // throw bad_cast or derived
-  } ;
-</PRE>
-<P>It is called with the result of the converter's <CODE>out_of_range()</CODE>
-  inside <CODE>validate_range()</CODE>.</P>
-<P>These are the two overflow handler classes provided by the
-library:</P>
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-
-  struct <A NAME="oh_def">def_overflow_handler</a>
-  {
-    void operator() ( range_check_result r ) // throw bad_numeric_conversion derived
-    {
-      if ( r == cNegOverflow )
-        throw negative_overflow() ;
-      else if ( r == cPosOverflow )
-             throw positive_overflow() ;
-    }
-  } ;
-
-  struct <A NAME="oh_silent">silent_overflow_handler</a>
-  {
-    void operator() ( range_check_result ) // no-throw
-      {}
-  } ;
-
-} }
-</PRE>
-
-<P>And these are the Exception Classes thrown by the default
-overflow handler</P>
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-
-  class <a name="bad_numc">bad_numeric_conversion</a> : public std::bad_cast
-  {
-    public:
-
-      virtual const char *what() const // throw()
-        {  return &quot;bad numeric conversion: overflow&quot;; }
-  };
-
-  class <a name="negovr">negative_overflow</a> : public bad_numeric_conversion
-  {
-    public:
-
-      virtual const char *what() const // throw()
-        {  return &quot;bad numeric conversion: negative overflow&quot;; }
-  };
-  class <a name="posovr">positive_overflow</a> : public bad_numeric_conversion
-  {
-    public:
-
-      virtual const char *what() const // throw()
-        { return &quot;bad numeric conversion: positive overflow&quot;; }
-  };
-} }
-</PRE>
-
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="f2i">Policy <CODE>FloatToIntRounder</CODE></A></H2>
-<P>This <EM>stateless</EM> template policy class specifies the rounding mode used
-  for<U> float to integral</U> conversions. It supplies the <CODE>&quot;nearbyint()&quot;</CODE>
-  static member function exposed by the converter, which means that it <U>publicly
-  inherits from this policy.</U></P>
-<P>The policy must have the following interface:</P>
-<PRE>  template&lt;class S&gt;
-  struct YourFloat2IntRounderPolicy
-  {
-    typedef S               source_type ;
-    typedef <I>{S or S const&amp;}</I> argument_type ;
-
-    static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s ) { ... }
-
-    typedef mpl::integral_c&lt;std::float_round_style,std::<i>round_...</i>&gt; round_style ;
-  } ;
-</PRE>
-
-<P>These are the rounder classes provided by the library:</P>
-
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-  <P><EM>NOTE: These classes are not intended to be general purpose rounding functions
-    but specific policies for converter&lt;&gt;. This is why <U>they are not function
-    objects</U>.</EM></P>
-  <P>(only the specific parts are shown, see the general policy form above)</P>
-  <PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-  <A NAME="trunc"></A>template&lt;class S&gt;
-  struct Trunc
-  {
-    static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
-      {
-        using std::floor ;
-        using std::ceil  ;
-        return s >= static_cast&lt;S&gt;(0) ? floor(s) : ceil(s) ;
-      }
-
-    typedef mpl::integral_c&lt;std::float_round_style,std::round_toward_zero&gt; round_style ;
-  } ;
-  </PRE>
-  <PRE>  <A NAME="round"></A>template&lt;class S&gt;
-  struct RoundEven
-  {
-    static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
-      {
-        return <i>impl-defined-value</i> ;
-      }
-
-      typedef mpl::integral_c&lt;std::float_round_style,std::round_to_nearest&gt; round_style ;
-  } ;
-</PRE>
-<PRE>  <A NAME="ceil"></A>template&lt;class S&gt;
-  struct Ceil
-  {
-    static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
-    {<br>      using std::ceil ;<br>      return ceil(s) ;<br>    }
-
-    typedef mpl::integral_c&lt;std::float_round_style,std::round_toward_infinity&gt; round_style ;
-  } ;
-</PRE>
-<PRE>  <A NAME="floor"></A>template&lt;class S&gt;
-  struct Floor
-  {
-    static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
-    {<br>      using std::floor ;<br>      return floor(s) ;<br>    }
-
-    typedef mpl::integral_c&lt;std::float_round_style,std::round_toward_neg_infinity&gt; round_style ;
-  } ;
-
-} } // namespace numeric, namespace boost</PRE>
-
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<H3>Math Functions used by the rounder policies</H3>
-<P>The rounder policies supplied by this header use math functions floor() and
-  ceil(). The standard versions of these functions are introduced in context by
-  a using directive, so in normal conditions, the standard functions will be used.
-  <br>
-  However, if there are other visible corresponding overloads an ambiguity could
-  arise. In this case, the user can supply her own rounder policy which could,
-  for instance, use a fully qualified call.<br>
-  This technique allows the default rounder policies to be used directly with
-  user defined types. The user only requires that suitable overloads of floor()
-  and ceil() be visible. See also <a HREF="requirements.html">User Defined Numeric Types support</a><br>
-</P>
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="rawc">Policy <CODE>RawConverter</CODE></A></H2>
-<P>This <EM>stateless</EM> template policy class is used to perform the actual
-  conversion from Source to Target. It supplies the <CODE>&quot;low_level_convert()&quot;</CODE>
-  static member function exposed by the converter, which means that it <U>publicly
-  inherits from this policy.</U></P>
-<P>The policy must have the following interface:</P>
-<PRE>  template&lt;class Traits&gt;
-  struct YourRawConverterPolicy
-  {
-    typedef typename Traits::result_type   result_type   ;
-    typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
-
-    static result_type low_level_convert ( argument_type s ) { return <I>&lt;impl defined&gt;</I> ; }
-  } ;
-</PRE>
-
-<P>This policy is mostly provided as a hook for user defined types which don't
-  support <CODE>static_cast&lt;&gt;</CODE> conversions to some types</P>
-
-<P>This is the only raw converter policy class provided
-by the library:</P>
-<PRE>namespace boost { namespace numeric {
-
-
-  template&lt;class Traits&gt;
-  struct <A NAME="rawnumc">raw_numeric_converter</A>
-  {
-    typedef typename Traits::result_type   result_type   ;
-    typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
-
-    static result_type low_level_convert ( argument_type s )
-      { return static_cast&lt;result_type&gt;(s) ; }
-  } ;
-
-}
-</PRE>
-
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="rc">Policy <CODE>UserRangeChecker</CODE></A></H2>
-<P>This <EM>stateless</EM> template policy class is used -<u>only if supplied</u>-
-  to <b>override</b> the internal range checking logic.<br>
-  It supplies the <CODE>&quot;validate_range()&quot;</CODE> static member function
-  exposed by the converter, which means that it <U>publicly inherits from this
-  policy.</U></P>
-<P>The policy must have the following interface:</P>
-<PRE>  template&lt;class Traits&gt;
-  struct YourRangeCheckerPolicy
-  {
-     typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
-
-     // Determines if the value 's' fits in the range of the Target type.
-     static range_check_result out_of_range ( argument_type s ) ;
-
-     // Checks whether the value 's' is out_of_range()
-     // and passes the result of the check to the OverflowHandler policy.
-     static void validate_range ( argument_type s )
-       {
-         OverflowHandler()( out_of_range(s) ) ;
-       }
-  } ;
-</PRE>
-<P>This policy is <b>only</b> provided as a hook for user defined types which
-  require range checking (which is disabled by default when a UDT is involved).<br>
-  The library provides a class: <A NAME="int_rc"><code>UseInternalRangeChecker{};</code></a> which
-  is a <i>fake</i> RangeChecker policy used to signal the converter to use its
-  internal range checking implementation.
-</P>
-<HR>
-<P>Back to <A HREF="index.html">Numeric Conversion library index</A></P>
-<HR>
-<P>Revised 23 June 2004</P>
-<p>© Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2004</p>
-<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+[/
+    Boost.Optional
+
+    Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
+
+    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+]
+
+[#numeric_coversion_converter_policies]
+
+[section Numeric Converter Policy Classes]
+
+
+[#numeric_conversion_converter_policies_range_check_result]
+
+[section enum range_check_result]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        enum range_check_result
+        {
+            cInRange     ,
+            cNegOverflow ,
+            cPosOverflow
+        } ;
+
+    } }
+
+Defines the values returned by `boost::numeric::converter<>::out_of_range()`
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler]
+
+[section Policy OverflowHandler]
+
+This ['stateless] non-template policy class must be a ['function object] and is
+called to administrate the result of the range checking. It can throw an exception
+if overflow has been detected by the range checking as indicated by its argument.
+If it throws, is is recommended that it be `std::bad_cast` or derived.
+
+It must have the following interface (it does not has to be a template class):
+
+    struct YourOverflowHandlerPolicy
+    {
+        void operator() ( boost::range_check_result ) ; // throw bad_cast or derived
+    } ;
+
+It is called with the result of the converter's `out_of_range()` inside `validate_range()`.
+
+These are the two overflow handler classes provided by the library:
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        struct def_overflow_handler
+        {
+            void operator() ( range_check_result r ) // throw bad_numeric_conversion derived
+            {
+                if ( r == cNegOverflow )
+                    throw negative_overflow() ;
+                else if ( r == cPosOverflow )
+                    throw positive_overflow() ;
+            }
+        } ;
+
+        struct silent_overflow_handler
+        {
+            void operator() ( range_check_result ) // no-throw
+            {}
+        } ;
+
+    } }
+
+And these are the Exception Classes thrown by the default overflow handler
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler_important_note (see IMPORTANT note)]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        ``[#numeric_conversion_bad_numeric_cast]``
+        class bad_numeric_cast : public std::bad_cast
+        {
+            public:
+            virtual const char *what() const // throw()
+            {
+                return "bad numeric conversion: overflow";
+            }
+
+        };
+
+        ``[#numeric_conversion_negative_overflow]``
+        class negative_overflow : public bad_numeric_cast
+        {
+            public:
+            virtual const char *what() const // throw()
+            {
+                return "bad numeric conversion: negative overflow";
+            }
+        };
+
+        ``[#numeric_conversion_possitive_overflow]``
+        class positive_overflow : public bad_numeric_cast
+        {
+            public:
+            virtual const char *what() const // throw()
+            {
+                return "bad numeric conversion: positive overflow";
+            }
+        };
+
+
+    } }
+
+[#numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler_important_note]
+
+[important [*RELEASE NOTE for 1.33]
+Previous to boost version 1.33, the exception class `bad_numeric_cast` was
+named `bad_numeric_conversion`. However, in 1.33, the old function
+`numeric_cast<>` from `boost/cast.hpp` was completly replaced by the
+new `numeric_cast<>` in `boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp`
+(and `boost/cast.hpp` is including `boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp` now).
+That old function which existed in boost for quite some time used the
+`bad_numeric_cast` as its exception type so I decided to avoid backward
+compatibility problems by adopting it (guessing that the user base for
+the old code is wider than for the new code).
+]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_policy_float_to_int_rounder]
+
+[section Policy Float2IntRounder]
+
+This ['stateless] template policy class specifies the rounding mode used
+for [_float to integral] conversions. It supplies the `nearbyint()`
+static member function exposed by the converter, which means that it
+[_publicly inherits from this policy].
+
+The policy must have the following interface:
+
+    template<class S>
+    struct YourFloat2IntRounderPolicy
+    {
+        typedef S               source_type ;
+        typedef {S or S const&} argument_type ;
+
+        static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s ) { ... }
+
+        typedef mpl::integral_c<std::float_round_style,std::round_...> round_style ;
+
+    } ;
+
+These are the rounder classes provided by the library (only the specific parts are shown,
+see the general policy form above)
+
+[note
+These classes are not intended to be general purpose rounding functions
+but specific policies for `converter<>`. This is why they are not function objects.
+]
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+
+        template<class S>
+        struct Trunc
+        {
+            static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
+            {
+                using std::floor ;
+                using std::ceil  ;
+
+                return s >= static_cast<S>(0) ? floor(s) : ceil(s) ;
+            }
+
+            typedef mpl::integral_c<std::float_round_style,std::round_toward_zero> round_style ;
+        } ;
+
+
+        template<class S>
+        struct RoundEven
+        {
+            static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
+            {
+                return impl-defined-value ;
+            }
+
+            typedef mpl::integral_c<std::float_round_style,std::round_to_nearest> round_style ;
+        } ;
+
+
+        template<class S>
+        struct Ceil
+        {
+            static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
+            {
+                using std::ceil ;
+                return ceil(s) ;
+            }
+
+            typedef mpl::integral_c<std::float_round_style,std::round_toward_infinity> round_style ;
+        } ;
+
+
+        template<class S>
+        struct Floor
+        {
+            static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
+            {
+                using std::floor ;
+                return floor(s) ;
+            }
+            typedef mpl::integral_c<std::float_round_style,std::round_toward_neg_infinity> round_style ;
+        } ;
+
+    } } // namespace numeric, namespace boost
+
+[heading Math Functions used by the rounder policies]
+
+The rounder policies supplied by this header use math functions `floor()` and `ceil()`.
+The standard versions of these functions are introduced in context by a using directive,
+so in normal conditions, the standard functions will be used.
+
+However, if there are other visible corresponding overloads an ambiguity could arise.
+In this case, the user can supply her own rounder policy which could, for instance,
+use a fully qualified call.
+
+This technique allows the default rounder policies to be used directly with
+user defined types. The user only requires that suitable overloads of `floor()` and `ceil()`
+be visible. See also [link numeric_conversion_requirements User Defined Numeric Types]
+support.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_policy_raw_converter]
+
+[section Policy RawConverter]
+
+This ['stateless] template policy class is used to perform the 
+actual conversion from Source to Target. It supplies the 
+`low_level_convert()` static member function exposed by the 
+converter, which means that it publicly inherits from this policy.
+
+The policy must have the following interface:
+
+    template<class Traits>
+    struct YourRawConverterPolicy
+    {
+        typedef typename Traits::result_type   result_type   ;
+        typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
+
+        static result_type low_level_convert ( argument_type s ) { return <impl defined> ; }
+    } ;
+
+
+This policy is mostly provided as a hook for user defined types which don't support `static_cast<>` conversions to some types
+
+This is the only raw converter policy class provided by the library:
+
+    namespace boost { namespace numeric {
+
+        template<class Traits>
+        struct raw_numeric_converter
+        {
+            typedef typename Traits::result_type   result_type   ;
+            typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
+
+            static result_type low_level_convert ( argument_type s )
+            {
+                return static_cast<result_type>(s) ; 
+            }
+        } ;
+
+    } }
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker]
+
+[section Policy UserRangeChecker]
+
+This ['stateless] template policy class is used [_only if supplied] 
+to [*override] the internal range checking logic.
+
+It supplies the `validate_range()` static member function 
+exposed by the converter, which means that it publicly inherits 
+from this policy.
+
+The policy must have the following interface:
+
+    template<class Traits>
+    struct YourRangeCheckerPolicy
+    {
+        typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
+
+        // Determines if the value 's' fits in the range of the Target type.
+        static range_check_result out_of_range ( argument_type s ) ;
+
+        // Checks whether the value 's' is out_of_range()
+        // and passes the result of the check to the OverflowHandler policy.
+        static void validate_range ( argument_type s )
+        {
+            OverflowHandler()( out_of_range(s) ) ;
+        }
+    } ;
+
+
+This policy is [*only] provided as a hook for user defined types which require
+range checking (which is disabled by default when a UDT is involved).
+The library provides a class: `UseInternalRangeChecker{}`; which is a ['fake]
+`RangeChecker` policy used to signal the converter to use its internal
+range checking implementation.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -1,471 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-  <HEAD>
-	 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-	 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../boost.css">
-         <TITLE>Boost Numeric Conversion Library - Definitions</TITLE>
-  </HEAD>
-  <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">
-	 <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
-	  SUMMARY="header">
-		<TR>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top" WIDTH="300">
-			 <H3><A HREF="../../../../index.htm"><IMG HEIGHT="86" WIDTH="277"
-				ALT="C++ Boost" SRC="../../../../boost.png" BORDER="0"></A></H3> </TH>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top">
-			 <H1 ALIGN="center">Boost Numeric Conversion Library</H1>
-			 <H1 ALIGN="center">Definitions</H1>
-                   </TH>
-		</TR>
-	 </TABLE>
-         <HR>
-	 <H2>Contents</H2>
-	 <DL CLASS="page-index">
-           <dt><A HREF="#intro">Introduction</A></dt>
-           <dt><A HREF="#typeval">Types and Values</A></dt>
-           <dt><A HREF="#stdtypes">C++ Arithmetic Types</A></dt>
-           <dt><A HREF="#numtypes">Numeric Types</A></dt>
-           <dt><A HREF="#range">Range and Precision</A></dt>
-           <dt><A HREF="#roundoff">Exact, Correctly Rounded and Out-Of-Range Representations</A></dt>
-           <dt><A HREF="#stdconv">Standard (numeric) Conversions</A></dt>
-           <dt><A HREF="#subranged">Subranged Conversion Direction, Subtype and Supertype</A></dt>
-	 </DL>
-
-
-
-<h2><A NAME="intro">Introduction</A></h2>
-<P>This section provides definitions of terms used in the Numeric Conversion library.</p>
-<p><b>Notation:</b>
-<li><u>underlined text</u> denotes terms defined in the C++ standard.</li>
-<li><b>bold face</b> denotes terms defined here but not in the standard.</li>
-<p></p>
-
-
-
-<hr>
-<h2><A NAME="typeval">Types and Values</A></h2>
-<p>As defined by the <u>C++ Object Model</u> (&sect;1.7) the <u>storage</u> or
-  memory on which a C++ program runs is a contiguous sequence of <u>bytes</u>
-  where each byte is a contiguous sequence of <u>bits</u>.<br>
-  An <u>object</u> is a region of storage (&sect;1.8) and has a type (&sect;3.9).<br>
-  A <u>type</u> is a discrete set of values. <br>
-  An object of type T has an <u>object representation</u> which is the sequence
-  of bytes stored in the object (&sect;3.9/4)<br>
-  An object of type T has a <u>value representation</u> which is the set of bits
-  that determine the <i>value</i> of an object of that type (&sect;3.9/4). For
-  <u>POD</u> types (&sect;3.9/10), this bitset is given by the object representation,
-  but not all the bits in the storage need to participate in the value representation
-  (except for character types): for example, some bits might be used for padding
-  or there may be trap-bits.</p>
-<p>The <b>typed value</b> that is held by an object is
-the value which is determined by its value representation.<br>
-An <b>abstract value</b> (untyped) is
-the conceptual information that is represented in a type
-(i.e. the number &pi;).<br>
-The <b>intrinsic value</b> of an object is
-the binary value of the sequence of unsigned characters which form its object representation.</p>
-<p><i>Abstract values</i> can be <b>represented</b> in a given type.<br>
-To <b>represent</b> an abstract value 'V' in a type 'T'
-is to obtain a typed value 'v' which <i>corresponds</i> to the abstract value 'V'.<br>
-The operation is denoted using the 'rep()' operator, as in: <code>v=rep(V)</code>.<br>
-'v' is the <b>representation</b> of 'V' in the type 'T'.<br>
-For example, the abstract value &pi; can be represented in the type <code>'double'</code> as the
-'double value M_PI' and in the type <code>'int'</code> as the 'int value 3'</p>
-<p>Conversely, <i>typed values</i> can be <b>abstracted</b>.<br>
-To <b>abstract</b> a typed value 'v' of type 'T' is to obtain the
-abstract value 'V' whose representation in 'T' is 'v'.<br>
-The operation is denoted using the 'abt()' operator, as in: <code>V=abt(v)</code>.<br>
-'V' is the <b>abstraction</b> of 'v' of type 'T'.<br>
-Abstraction is just an abstract operation (you can't do it); but it is defined nevertheless
-because it will be used to give the definitions in the rest of this document.</p>
-
-
-
-
-<hr>
-<h2><A NAME="stdtypes">C++ Arithmetic Types</A></h2>
-<P>The C++ language defines <u>fundamental types</u> (&sect;3.9.1). The following
-subsets of the fundamental types are intended to represent <i>numbers</i>:</p>
-<li><u>signed integer types</u> (&sect;3.9.1/2):<br>
-  <blockquote>
-  <code>{signed char, signed short int, signed int, signed long int}</code><br>
-  Can be used to represent general integer numbers (both negative and positive).
-  </blockquote>
-</li>
-<li><u>unsigned integer types</u> (&sect;3.9.1/3):<br>
-  <blockquote>
-  <code>{unsigned char, unsigned short int, unsigned int, unsigned long int}</code><br>
-  Can be used to represent positive integer numbers <u>with modulo-arithmetic</u>.<br>
-  </blockquote>
-<li><u>floating-point types</u> (&sect;3.9.1/8):<br>
-  <blockquote>
-  <code>{float,double,long double}</code><br>
-  Can be used to represent real numbers.
-  </blockquote>
-</li>
-<li><u>integral or integer types</u> (&sect;3.9.1/7):<br>
-  <blockquote>
-  <code>{{signed integers},{unsigned integers}, bool, char and wchar_t}</code>
-  </blockquote>
-</li>
-<li><u>arithmetic types</u> (&sect;3.9.1/8):<br>
-  <blockquote>
-  <code>{{integer types},{floating types}}</code>
-  </blockquote>
-</li>
-<P>The integer types are required to have a <i>binary</i> value representation.<br>
-Additionally, the signed/unsigned integer types of the same base type (short, int or long)
-are required to have the same value representation, that is:</P>
-<pre>           int i = -3 ; // suppose value representation is: 10011 (sign bit + 4 magnitude bits)
-  unsigned int u = i ;  // u is required to have the same 10011 as its value representation.
-</pre>
-<P>In other words, the integer types signed/unsigned X use the same value representation
-but a different <i>interpretation</i> of it; that is, their <i>typed values</i>
-might differ.<br>
-Another consequence of this is that the range for signed X is always a smaller subset
-of the range of unsigned X, as required by &sect;3.9.1/3.</P>
-<P>Note: always remember that unsigned types, unlike signed types, have modulo-arithmetic;
-  that is, they do not overflow.<br>
-  This means that:
-  <li> Always be extra careful when mixing signed/unsigned types</li>
-  <li> Use unsigned types only when you need modulo arithmetic or very very large numbers.
-  Don't use unsigned types just because you intend to deal with positive values only
-  (you can do this with signed types as well).</li>.
-<p></P>
-
-
-
-
-
-<hr>
-<h2><A NAME="numtypes">Numeric Types</A></h2>
-<p>This section introduces the following definitions intended to integrate arithmetic
-  types with user-defined types which behave like numbers. Some definitions are
-  purposely broad in order to include a vast variety of user-defined number
-  types.</p>
-<p>Within this library, the term <i>number</i> refers to an abstract numeric value.</p>
-<p>A type is <b>numeric</b> if:</p>
-<li>It is an arithmetic type, or,</li>
-<li>It is a user-defined type which</li>
-  <blockquote>
-    <li>Represents numeric abstract values (i.e. numbers).</li>
-
-  <li>Can be converted (either implicitly or explicitly) to/from at least one
-    arithmetic type.</li>
-    <li>Has <a href="#range">range</a> (possibly unbounded) and <a href="#range">precision</a>
-     (possibly dynamic or unlimited).</li>
-    <li>Provides an specialization of <code>std::numeric_limits</code>.</li>
-  </blockquote>
-<p></p>
-<p>A numeric type is <b>signed</b> if the abstract values it represent include negative numbers.<br>
-A numeric type is <b>unsigned</b> if the abstract values it represent exclude negative numbers.<br>
-A numeric type is <b>modulo</b> if it has modulo-arithmetic (does not overflow).<br>
-A numeric type is <b>integer</b> if the abstract values it represent are whole numbers.<br>
-A numeric type is <b>floating</b> if the abstract values it represent are real numbers.<br>
-An <b>arithmetic value</b> is the typed value of an arithmetic type<br>
-A <b>numeric value</b> is the typed value of a numeric type</p>
-<p></p>
-<p>These definitions simply generalize the standard notions of arithmetic types
-  and values by introducing a superset called <u>numeric</u>. All arithmetic types
-  and values are numeric types and values, but not vice versa, since user-defined
-  numeric types are not arithmetic types.</p>
-<p>The following examples clarify the differences between arithmetic and numeric types (and values):</p>
-<pre>// A numeric type which is not an arithmetic type (is user-defined)
-// and which is intended to represent integer numbers (i.e., an 'integer' numeric type)
-class MyInt
-{
-  MyInt ( long long v ) ;
-  long long to_builtin();
-} ;
-namespace std {
-template&lt;&gt; numeric_limits&lt;MyInt&gt; { ... } ;
-}
-
-// A 'floating' numeric type (double) which is also an arithmetic type (built-in),
-// with a float numeric value.
-double pi = M_PI ;
-
-// A 'floating' numeric type with a whole numeric value.
-// NOTE: numeric values are typed valued, hence, they are, for instance,
-// integer or floating, despite the value itself being whole or including
-// a fractional part.
-double two = 2.0 ;
-
-// An integer numeric type with an integer numeric value.
-MyInt i(1234);
-</pre>
-
-
-
-
-<hr>
-<h2><A NAME="range">Range and Precision</A></h2>
-<p>Given a number set 'N', some of its elements are representable in a numeric type 'T'.<br>
-The set of representable values of type 'T', or numeric set of 'T', is a set of numeric values
-whose elements are the representation of some <i>subset</i> of 'N'.<br>
-For example, the interval of 'int' values [INT_MIN,INT_MAX] is the set of representable values
-of type 'int', i.e. the 'int' numeric set, and corresponds to the representation of the elements
-of the interval of abstract values [abt(INT_MIN),abt(INT_MAX)] from the integer numbers.<br>
-Similarly, the interval of 'double' values [-DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX] is the 'double' numeric set,
-which corresponds to the subset of the real numbers from abt(-DBL_MAX) to abt(DBL_MAX).
-</p>
-<p>Let <b>next(x)</b> denote the lowest numeric value greater than x.<br>
-Let <b>prev(x)</b> denote the highest numeric value lower then x.</p>
-<p>Let <code><b>v=prev(next(V))</b></code> and <code><b>v=next(prev(V))</b></code> be identities that relate a numeric
-typed value 'v' with a number 'V'.</p>
-<p>An ordered pair of numeric values <i>x,y</i> s.t. <i>x&lt;y</i> are <b>consecutive</b> iff
-<code>next(x)==y</code>.</p>
-<p>The abstract distance between consecutive numeric values is usually referred
-to as a <u>Unit in the Last Place</u>, or <b>ulp</b> for short. A ulp is a quantity whose abstract
-magnitude is <i>relative</i> to the numeric values it corresponds to: If the numeric set is not evenly
-distributed, that is, if the abstract distance between consecutive numeric values varies along the set
-as is the case with the floating-point types-, the magnitude of 1ulp after the numeric value x
-might be (usually is) different from the magnitude of a 1ulp after the numeric value y for x!=y.</p>
-<p>Since numbers are inherently ordered, a <b>numeric set</b> of type 'T'
-is an ordered sequence of numeric values (of type 'T') of the form:
-</p>
-<p><code>REP(T)={l,next(l),next(next(l)),...,prev(prev(h)),prev(h),h}</code>
-</p>
-<p>where 'l' and 'h' are respectively the lowest and highest values of type 'T', called the
-<b>boundary values</b> of type T.</p>
-<p>A numeric set is discrete. It has a <b>size</b> which is the number
-of numeric values in the set, a <b>width</b> which is the abstract difference between
-the highest and lowest boundary values: [abt(h)-abt(l)], and a <b>density</b>
-which is the relation between its size and width: 'density=size/width'.<br>
-The integer types have density 1, which means that there are no unrepresentable integer numbers
-between abt(l) and abt(h) (i.e. there are no gaps). On the other hand,
-floating types have density much smaller than 1, which means that there are
-real numbers unrepresented between consecutive floating values (i.e. there are gaps).
-</p>
-<p>The interval of <u>abstract values</u> [abt(l),abt(h)] is the <b>range</b> of the type 'T',
-denoted 'R(T)'.<br>
-  A range is a set of abstract values and not a set of numeric values. In other
-  documents, such as the C++ standard, the word 'range' is <i>sometimes</i> used
-  as synonym for 'numeric set', that is, as the ordered sequence of numeric values
-  from 'l' to 'h'. In this document, however, a range is an abstract interval
-  which subtends the numeric set.<br>
-For example, the sequence [-DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX] is the numeric set of the type 'double', and
-the real interval [abt(-DBL_MAX),abt(DBL_MAX)] is its range.<br>
-Notice, for instance, that the range of a floating-point type is <i>continuous</i> unlike
-its numeric set.<br>
-  This definition was chosen because:
-<li>(a) The discrete set of numeric values is already given by the numeric set.</li>
-<li>(b) Abstract intervals are easier to compare and overlap since only boundary values
-need to be considered.</li><br>
-This definition allows for a concise definition of 'subranged' as given in the last section.<br>
-The width of a numeric set, as defined, is exactly equivalent to the width of a range.
-<p></p>
-<p>The <b>precision</b> of a type is given by the width or density of the numeric set.<br>
-For integer types, which have density 1, the precision is conceptually equivalent to the range
-and is determined by the number of bits used in the value representation: The higher the
-number of bits the bigger the size of the numeric set, the wider the range, and the higher
-the precision.<br>
-For floating types, which have density &lt;&lt;1, the precision is given not by the
-width of the range but by the density. In a typical implementation,
-the range is determined by the number of bits used in the exponent, and the precision by
-the number of bits used in the mantissa (giving the maximum number of significant digits
-that can be exactly represented). The higher the number of exponent bits the
-wider the range, while the higher the number of mantissa bits, the higher the precision.
-</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<hr>
-<h2><A NAME="roundoff">Exact, Correctly Rounded and Out-Of-Range Representations</A></h2>
-<p>Given an abstract value 'V' and a type 'T' with its corresponding range [abt(l),abt(h)]:</p>
-<p>If <code>V &lt; abt(l)</code> or <code>V &gt; abt(h)</code>, 'V' is <b>not representable</b>
-(cannot be represented) in the type T, or, equivalently, it's representation in the type 'T'
-is <b>out of range</b>, or <b>overflows</b>.<br>
-If <code>V &lt; abt(l)</code>, the <b>overflow is negative</b>.<br>
-If <code>V &gt; abt(h)</code>, the <b>overflow is positive</b>.
-</p>
-<p>If <code>V &ge; abt(l)</code> and <code>V &le; abt(h)</code>,'V' is <b>representable</b>
-(can be represented) in the type T, or, equivalently, its representation in the type 'T'
-is in <b>in range</b>, or <b>does not overflow</b>.</p>
-<p>Notice that a numeric type, such as a C++ unsigned type, can define that any 'V' does not
-overflow by always representing not 'V' itself but the abstract value <code>U = [ V % (abt(h)+1) ]</code>,
-which is always in range.</p>
-<p>Given an abstract value 'V' represented in the type 'T' as 'v', the <b>roundoff</b> error
-of the representation is the abstract difference: (abt(v)-V).<br>
-Notice that a representation is an <i>operation</i>, hence, the roundoff error corresponds to
-the representation operation and not to the numeric value itself (i.e. numeric values do not
-have any error themselves)<br>
-If the roundoff is 0, the representation is <b>exact</b>, and 'V' is <b>exactly representable</b>
-in the type T.<br>
-If the roundoff is not 0, the representation is <b>inexact</b>, and 'V' is <b>inexactly representable</b>
-in the type T.</p>
-<p>Given an abstract value 'V' representable in a type 'T', there are always two consecutive
-numeric values of type 'T', 'prev' and 'next', such that <code>abt(prev) &le; V &le; abt(next)</code>.
-These are called the <b>adjacents</b> of 'V' in the type 'T'.<br>
-If a representation 'v' in a type 'T' -either exact or inexact-, is any of the adjacents of 'V'
-in that type, that is, if <code>v==prev or v==next</code>, the representation is
-<b>faithfully rounded</b>. If the choice between 'prev' and 'next'
-matches a given <b>rounding direction</b>, it is <b>correctly rounded</b>.<br>
-All exact representations are correctly rounded, but not all inexact representations are. In particular,
-C++ requires numeric conversions (described below) and the result of arithmetic operations
-(not covered by this document) to be correctly rounded, but batch operations propagate roundoff, thus
-final results are usually incorrectly rounded, that is, the numeric value 'r' which is the computed
-result is neither of the adjacents of the abstract value 'R' which is the theoretical result.<br>
-Because a correctly rounded representation is always one of adjacents of the abstract value being
-represented, the roundoff is guaranteed to be at most 1ulp.</p>
-<P>The following examples summarize the given definitions. Consider:</p>
-<li>A numeric type 'Int' representing integer numbers with a <i>numeric set</i>: {-2,-1,0,1,2}
-and <i>range</i>: [-2,2]</li>.
-<li>A numeric type 'Cardinal' representing integer numbers with a <i>numeric set</i>:
-{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} and <i>range</i>: [0,9]  (no modulo-arithmetic here)</li>.
-<li>A numeric type 'Real' representing real numbers with a <i>numeric set</i>:
-{-2.0,-1.5,-1.0,-0.5,-0.0,+0.0,+0.5,+1.0,+1.5,+2.0} and <i>range</i>: [-2.0,+2.0]</li>
-<li>A numeric type 'Whole' representing real numbers with a <i>numeric set</i>:
-{-2.0,-1.0,0.0,+1.0,+2.0} and <i>range</i>: [-2.0,+2.0]</li>
-<p>First, notice that the types 'Real' and 'Whole' both represent real numbers, have the
-same range, but different precision.</p>
-<p>The integer number 1 (an abstract value) can be exactly represented in any of these types.<br>
-The integer number -1 can be exactly represented in 'Int', 'Real' and 'Whole', but cannot
-be represented in 'Cardinal', yielding negative overflow.<br>
-The real number 1.5 can be exactly represented in 'Real', and inexactly represented in the
-other types.<br>
-If 1.5 is represented as either 1 or 2 in any of the types (except Real), the
-representation is correctly rounded.<br>
-  If 0.5 is represented as +1.5 in the type 'Real', it is incorrectly rounded.<br>
-(-2.0,-1.5) are the 'Real' adjacents of any real number in the interval [-2.0,-1.5],
-yet there are no 'Real' adjacents for x &lt; -2.0, nor for x &gt; +2.0.
-</p>
-
-
-
-
-<hr>
-<h2><A NAME="stdconv">Standard (numeric) Conversions</A></h2>
-<P>The C++ language defines <u>Standard Conversions</u> (&sect;4) some of which are
-  conversions between arithmetic types.<br>
-  These are <u>Integral promotions</u> (&sect;4.5), <u>Integral conversions</u> (&sect;4.7),
-  <u>Floating point promotions</u> (&sect;4.6), <u>Floating point conversions</u> (&sect;4.8)
-  and <u>Floating-integral conversions</u> (&sect;4.9).<br>
-  In the sequel, integral and floating point promotions are called <b>arithmetic promotions</b>,
-  and these plus integral, floating-point and floating-integral conversions are called
-  <b>arithmetic conversions</b> (i.e, promotions are conversions).
-</P>
-<P>Promotions, both Integral and Floating point, are <i>value-preserving</i>, which means
-that the typed value is not changed with the conversion.</p>
-<p>In the sequel, consider a source typed value 's' of type 'S', the source abstract value 'N=abt(s)',
-a destination type 'T'; and whenever possible, a result typed value 't' of type 'T'.</p>
-<p>Integer to integer conversions are always defined:<br>
-If 'T' is unsigned, the abstract value which is effectively represented is not 'N' but
-'M=[ N % ( abt(h) + 1 ) ]', where 'h' is the highest unsigned typed value of type 'T'.<br>
-If 'T' is signed and 'N' is not directly representable, the result 't' is
-<u>implementation-defined</u>, which means that the C++ implementation is required to produce
-a value 't' even if it is totally unrelated to 's'.</p>
-<p>Floating to Floating conversions are defined only if 'N' is representable;
-  if it is not, the conversion has <u>undefined behavior.</u><br>
-If 'N' is exactly representable, 't' is required to be the exact representation.<br>
-If 'N' is inexactly representable, 't' is required to be one of the two adjacents, with
-an implementation-defined choice of rounding direction; that is, the conversion is required
-to be correctly rounded.</p>
-<p>Floating to Integer conversions represent not 'N' but 'M=trunc(N)', were trunc() is to truncate: i.e.
-to remove the fractional part, if any.<br>
-  If 'M' is not representable in 'T', the conversion has <u>undefined behavior</u>
-  (unless 'T' is bool, see &sect;4.12).</p>
-<p>Integer to Floating conversions are always defined.<br>
-If 'N' is exactly representable, 't' is required to be the exact representation.<br>
-If 'N' is inexactly representable, 't' is required to be one of the two adjacents, with
-an implementation-defined choice of rounding direction; that is, the conversion is required
-to be correctly rounded.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<hr>
-<h2><A NAME="subranged">Subranged Conversion Direction, Subtype and Supertype</A></h2>
-<P>Given a source type 'S' and a destination type 'T', there is a <b>conversion direction</b>
-denoted: <code>'S-&gt;T'</code>.<br>
-For any two ranges the following <i>range relation</i> can be defined: A range
-'X' can be <i>entirely contained</i> in a range 'Y', in which case it is said that
-'X' is enclosed by 'Y'.<br>
-  Formally: R(S) is <b>enclosed</b> by R(T) iif (R(S) intersection R(T)) == R(S).</P>
-<P>If the source type range, R(S), is <i>not enclosed</i> in the target type range, R(T);
-that is, if (R(S) &amp; R(T)) != R(S), the conversion direction is said to be <b>subranged</b>,
-which means that R(S) is not entirely contained in R(T) and therefore there is
-some portion of the source range which falls outside the target range. In other words,
-if a conversion direction S->T is subranged, there are values in S which cannot be represented
-in T because they are out of range.<br>
-  Notice that for S->T, the adjective subranged applies to 'T'.</p>
-<p>Examples:<br>
-Given the following numeric types all representing real numbers:<br>
-<br>
-X with numeric set {-2.0,-1.0,0.0,+1.0,+2.0} and range [-2.0,+2.0]<br>
-Y with numeric set {-2.0,-1.5,-1.0,-0.5,0.0,+0.5,+1.0,+1.5,+2.0} and range [-2.0,+2.0]<br>
-Z with numeric set {-1.0,0.0,+1.0} and range [-1.0,+1.0]<br>
-<br>
-For:<br>
-<br>
-(a) X->Y:
-  <blockquote>
-  R(X) & R(Y) == R(X), then X->Y is not subranged.
-  Thus, all values of type X are representable in the type Y.
-  </blockquote>
-(b) Y->X:
-  <blockquote>
-  R(Y) & R(X) == R(Y), then Y->X is not subranged.
-  Thus, all values of type Y are representable in the type X, but in this case, some values
-  are <i>inexactly</i> representable (all the halves).<br>
-  (note: it is to permit this case that a range is an interval of abstract values
-  and not an interval of typed values)
-  </blockquote>
-(b) X->Z:
-  <blockquote>
-  R(X) & R(Z) != R(X), then X->Z is subranged.
-  Thus, some values of type X are not representable in the type Z, they fall out of range
-  (-2.0 and +2.0)
-  </blockquote>
-<p></p>
-<p>It is possible that R(S) is not enclosed by R(T), while neither is R(T) enclosed
-by R(S); for example, UNSIG=[0,255] is not enclosed by SIG=[-128,127]; neither is SIG
-enclosed by UNSIG.<br>
-  This implies that is possible that a conversion direction is subranged both
-  ways. This occurs when a mixture of signed/unsigned types are involved and indicates
-  that in both directions there are values which can fall out of range.</P>
-<P>Given the range relation (subranged or not) of a conversion direction S-&gt;T,
-it is possible to classify 'S' and 'T' as <b>supertype</b> and <b>subtype</b>:<br>
-If the conversion is subranged, which means that 'T' cannot represent all possible values of type 'S',
-'S' is the supertype and 'T' the subtype; otherwise, 'T' is the supertype and 'S' the subtype.<br>
-<br>
-For example:<br>
-R(float)=[-FLT_MAX,FLT_MAX] and R(double)=[-DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX].<br>
-If FLT_MAX < DBL_MAX:<br>
-'double->float' is subranged and supertype=double, subtype=float.<br>
-'float->double' is not subranged and supertype=double, subtype=float.<br>
-Notice that while 'double->float' is subranged, 'float->double' is not,
-which yields the same supertype,subtype for both directions.<br>
-<br>
-Now consider:<br>
-R(int)=[INT_MIN,INT_MAX] and R(unsigned int)=[0,UINT_MAX].<br>
-A C++ implementation is required to have UINT_MAX > INT_MAX (&sect;3.9/3), so:<br>
-'int->unsigned' is subranged (negative values fall out of range) and supertype=int, subtype=unsigned.<br>
-'unsigned->int' is <em>also</em> subranged (high positive values fall out of range)
-and supertype=unsigned, subtype=int.<br>
-In this case, the conversion is subranged in both directions and the supertype,subtype pairs
-are not invariant (under inversion of direction). This indicates that none of the types can
-represent all the values of the other.</p>
-<p>When the supertype is the same for both 'S->T' and 'T->S', it is effectively indicating
-a type which can represent all the values of the subtype.<br>
-  Consequently, if a conversion X->Y is not subranged, but the opposite (Y->X)
-  is, so that the supertype is always 'Y', it is said that the direction X->Y
-  is <b>correctly rounded value preserving</b>, meaning that all such conversions
-  are guaranteed to produce results in range and correctly rounded (even if inexact).<br>
-For example, all integer to floating conversions are correctly rounded value preserving.
-</p>
-<HR>
-<P>Back to <A HREF="index.html">Numeric Conversion library index</A></P>
-<HR>
-<P>Revised 23 June 2004</P>
-<p>© Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2004</p>
-<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
-</body>
-</HTML>
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+[/
+    Boost.Optional
+
+    Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
+
+    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+]
+
+
+[section Definitions]
+
+[section Introduction]
+
+This section provides definitions of terms used in the Numeric Conversion library.
+
+[blurb [*Notation]
+[_underlined text] denotes terms defined in the C++ standard.
+
+[*bold face] denotes terms defined here but not in the standard.
+]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Types and Values]
+
+As defined by the [_C++ Object Model] (§1.7) the [_storage] or memory on which a
+C++ program runs is a contiguous sequence of [_bytes] where each byte is a
+contiguous sequence of bits.
+
+An [_object] is a region of storage (§1.8) and has a type (§3.9).
+
+A [_type] is a discrete set of values.
+
+An object of type `T` has an [_object representation] which is the sequence of
+bytes stored in the object (§3.9/4)
+
+An object of type `T` has a [_value representation] which is the set of
+bits that determine the ['value] of an object of that type (§3.9/4).
+For [_POD] types (§3.9/10), this bitset is given by the object representation,
+but not all the bits in the storage need to participate in the value
+representation (except for character types): for example, some bits might
+be used for padding or there may be trap-bits.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+The [*typed value] that is held by an object is the value which is determined
+by its value representation.
+
+An [*abstract value] (untyped) is the conceptual information that is
+represented in a type (i.e. the number π).
+
+The [*intrinsic value] of an object is the binary value of the sequence of
+unsigned characters which form its object representation.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+['Abstract] values can be [*represented] in a given type.
+
+To [*represent] an abstract value `V` in a type `T` is to obtain a typed value
+`v` which corresponds to the abstract value `V`.
+
+The operation is denoted using the `rep()` operator, as in: `v=rep(V)`.
+`v` is the [*representation] of `V` in the type `T`.
+
+For example, the abstract value π can be represented in the type
+`double` as the `double value M_PI` and in the type `int` as the
+`int value 3`
+
+__SPACE__
+
+Conversely, ['typed values] can be [*abstracted].
+
+To [*abstract] a typed value `v` of type `T` is to obtain the abstract value `V`
+whose representation in `T` is `v`.
+
+The operation is denoted using the `abt()` operator, as in: `V=abt(v)`.
+
+`V` is the [*abstraction] of `v` of type `T`.
+
+Abstraction is just an abstract operation (you can't do it); but it is
+defined nevertheless because it will be used to give the definitions in the
+rest of this document.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_cpp_arithmetic_types]
+
+[section C++ Arithmetic Types]
+
+The C++ language defines [_fundamental types] (§3.9.1). The following subsets of
+the fundamental types are intended to represent ['numbers]:
+
+[variablelist
+[[[_signed integer types] (§3.9.1/2):][
+`{signed char, signed short int, signed int, signed long int}`
+Can be used to represent general integer numbers (both negative and positive).
+]]
+[[[_unsigned integer types] (§3.9.1/3):][
+`{unsigned char, unsigned short int, unsigned int, unsigned long int}`
+Can be used to represent positive integer numbers with modulo-arithmetic.
+]]
+[[[_floating-point types] (§3.9.1/8):][
+`{float,double,long double}`
+Can be used to represent real numbers.
+]]
+[[[_integral or integer types] (§3.9.1/7):][
+`{{signed integers},{unsigned integers}, bool, char and wchar_t}`
+]]
+[[[_arithmetic types] (§3.9.1/8):][
+`{{integer types},{floating types}}`
+]]
+]
+
+The integer types are required to have a ['binary] value representation.
+
+Additionally, the signed/unsigned integer types of the same base type
+(`short`, `int` or `long`) are required to have the same value representation,
+that is:
+
+             int i = -3 ; // suppose value representation is: 10011 (sign bit + 4 magnitude bits)
+    unsigned int u =  i ; // u is required to have the same 10011 as its value representation.
+
+In other words, the integer types signed/unsigned X use the same value
+representation but a different ['interpretation] of it; that is, their
+['typed values] might differ.
+
+Another consequence of this is that the range for signed X is always a smaller
+subset of the range of unsigned X, as required by §3.9.1/3.
+
+[note
+Always remember that unsigned types, unlike signed types, have modulo-arithmetic;
+that is, they do not overflow.
+This means that:
+
+[*-] Always be extra careful when mixing signed/unsigned types
+
+[*-] Use unsigned types only when you need modulo arithmetic or very very large
+numbers. Don't use unsigned types just because you intend to deal with
+positive values only (you can do this with signed types as well).
+]
+
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types]
+
+[section Numeric Types]
+
+This section introduces the following definitions intended to integrate
+arithmetic types with user-defined types which behave like numbers.
+Some definitions are purposely broad in order to include a vast variety of
+user-defined number types.
+
+Within this library, the term ['number] refers to an abstract numeric value.
+
+A type is [*numeric] if:
+
+* It is an arithmetic type, or,
+* It is a user-defined type which
+    * Represents numeric abstract values (i.e. numbers).
+    * Can be converted (either implicitly or explicitly) to/from at least one arithmetic type.
+    * Has [link numeric_conversion_definitions_range range] (possibly unbounded) 
+      and [link numeric_conversion_definitions_range precision] (possibly dynamic or
+      unlimited).
+    * Provides an specialization of `std::numeric_limits`.
+
+A numeric type is [*signed] if the abstract values it represent include negative numbers.
+
+A numeric type is [*unsigned] if the abstract values it represent exclude negative numbers.
+
+A numeric type is [*modulo] if it has modulo-arithmetic (does not overflow).
+
+A numeric type is [*integer] if the abstract values it represent are whole numbers.
+
+A numeric type is [*floating] if the abstract values it represent are real numbers.
+
+An [*arithmetic value] is the typed value of an arithmetic type
+
+A [*numeric value] is the typed value of a numeric type
+
+These definitions simply generalize the standard notions of arithmetic types and
+values by introducing a superset called [_numeric]. All arithmetic types and values are
+numeric types and values, but not vice versa, since user-defined numeric types are not
+arithmetic types.
+
+The following examples clarify the differences between arithmetic and numeric
+types (and values):
+
+
+    // A numeric type which is not an arithmetic type (is user-defined)
+    // and which is intended to represent integer numbers (i.e., an 'integer' numeric type)
+    class MyInt
+    {
+        MyInt ( long long v ) ;
+        long long to_builtin();
+    } ;
+    namespace std {
+    template<> numeric_limits<MyInt> { ... } ;
+    }
+
+    // A 'floating' numeric type (double) which is also an arithmetic type (built-in),
+    // with a float numeric value.
+    double pi = M_PI ;
+
+    // A 'floating' numeric type with a whole numeric value.
+    // NOTE: numeric values are typed valued, hence, they are, for instance,
+    // integer or floating, despite the value itself being whole or including
+    // a fractional part.
+    double two = 2.0 ;
+
+    // An integer numeric type with an integer numeric value.
+    MyInt i(1234);
+
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_definitions_range]
+
+[section Range and Precision]
+
+Given a number set `N`, some of its elements are representable in a numeric type `T`.
+
+The set of representable values of type `T`, or numeric set of `T`, is a set of numeric
+values whose elements are the representation of some subset of `N`.
+
+For example, the interval of `int` values `[INT_MIN,INT_MAX]` is the set of representable
+values of type `int`, i.e. the `int` numeric set, and corresponds to the representation
+of the elements of the interval of abstract values `[abt(INT_MIN),abt(INT_MAX)]` from
+the integer numbers.
+
+Similarly, the interval of `double` values `[-DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX]` is the `double`
+numeric set, which corresponds to the subset of the real numbers from `abt(-DBL_MAX)` to
+`abt(DBL_MAX)`.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+Let [*`next(x)`] denote the lowest numeric value greater than x.
+
+Let [*`prev(x)`] denote the highest numeric value lower then x.
+
+Let [*`v=prev(next(V))`] and [*`v=next(prev(V))`] be identities that relate a numeric
+typed value `v` with a number `V`.
+
+An ordered pair of numeric values `x`,`y` s.t. `x<y` are [*consecutive] iff `next(x)==y`.
+
+The abstract distance between consecutive numeric values is usually referred to as a
+[_Unit in the Last Place], or [*ulp] for short. A ulp is a quantity whose abstract
+magnitude is relative to the numeric values it corresponds to: If the numeric set
+is not evenly distributed, that is, if the abstract distance between consecutive
+numeric values varies along the set -as is the case with the floating-point types-,
+the magnitude of 1ulp after the numeric value `x` might be (usually is) different
+from the magnitude of a 1ulp after the numeric value y for `x!=y`.
+
+Since numbers are inherently ordered, a [*numeric set] of type `T` is an ordered sequence
+of numeric values (of type `T`) of the form:
+
+    REP(T)={l,next(l),next(next(l)),...,prev(prev(h)),prev(h),h}
+
+where `l` and `h` are respectively the lowest and highest values of type `T`, called
+the boundary values of type `T`.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+A numeric set is discrete. It has a [*size] which is the number of numeric values in the set,
+a [*width] which is the abstract difference between the highest and lowest boundary values:
+`[abt(h)-abt(l)]`, and a [*density] which is the relation between its size and width:
+`density=size/width`.
+
+The integer types have density 1, which means that there are no unrepresentable integer
+numbers between `abt(l)` and `abt(h)` (i.e. there are no gaps). On the other hand,
+floating types have density much smaller than 1, which means that there are real numbers
+unrepresented between consecutive floating values (i.e. there are gaps).
+
+__SPACE__
+
+The interval of [_abstract values] `[abt(l),abt(h)]` is the range of the type `T`,
+denoted `R(T)`.
+
+A range is a set of abstract values and not a set of numeric values. In other
+documents, such as the C++ standard, the word `range` is ['sometimes] used as synonym
+for `numeric set`, that is, as the ordered sequence of numeric values from `l` to `h`.
+In this document, however, a range is an abstract interval which subtends the
+numeric set.
+
+For example, the sequence `[-DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX]` is the numeric set of the type
+`double`, and the real interval `[abt(-DBL_MAX),abt(DBL_MAX)]` is its range.
+
+Notice, for instance, that the range of a floating-point type is ['continuous]
+unlike its numeric set.
+
+This definition was chosen because:
+
+* [*(a)] The discrete set of numeric values is already given by the numeric set.
+* [*(b)] Abstract intervals are easier to compare and overlap since only boundary
+values need to be considered.
+
+This definition allows for a concise definition of `subranged` as given in the last section.
+
+The width of a numeric set, as defined, is exactly equivalent to the width of a range.
+
+__SPACE__
+
+The [*precision] of a type is given by the width or density of the numeric set.
+
+For integer types, which have density 1, the precision is conceptually equivalent
+to the range and is determined by the number of bits used in the value representation:
+The higher the number of bits the bigger the size of the numeric set, the wider the
+range, and the higher the precision.
+
+For floating types, which have density <<1, the precision is given not by the width
+of the range but by the density. In a typical implementation, the range is determined
+by the number of bits used in the exponent, and the precision by the number of bits
+used in the mantissa (giving the maximum number of significant digits that can be
+exactly represented). The higher the number of exponent bits the wider the range,
+while the higher the number of mantissa bits, the higher the precision.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_definitions_roundoff]
+
+[section Exact, Correctly Rounded and Out-Of-Range Representations]
+
+Given an abstract value `V` and a type `T` with its corresponding range `[abt(l),abt(h)]`:
+
+If `V < abt(l)` or `V > abt(h)`, `V` is [*not representable] (cannot be represented) in
+the type `T`, or, equivalently, it's representation in the type `T` is [*out of range],
+or [*overflows].
+
+* If `V < abt(l)`, the [*overflow is negative].
+* If `V > abt(h)`, the [*overflow is positive].
+
+If `V >= abt(l)` and `V <= abt(h)`, `V` is [*representable] (can be represented) in the
+type `T`, or, equivalently, its representation in the type `T` is [*in range], or
+[*does not overflow].
+
+Notice that a numeric type, such as a C++ unsigned type, can define that any `V` does
+not overflow by always representing not `V` itself but the abstract value
+`U = [ V % (abt(h)+1) ]`, which is always in range.
+
+Given an abstract value `V` represented in the type `T` as `v`, the [*roundoff] error
+of the representation is the abstract difference: `(abt(v)-V)`.
+
+Notice that a representation is an ['operation], hence, the roundoff error corresponds
+to the representation operation and not to the numeric value itself
+(i.e. numeric values do not have any error themselves)
+
+* If the roundoff is 0, the representation is [*exact], and `V` is exactly representable
+in the type `T`.
+* If the roundoff is not 0, the representation is [*inexact], and `V` is inexactly
+representable in the type `T`.
+
+If a representation `v` in a type `T` -either exact or inexact-, is any of the adjacents
+of `V` in that type, that is, if `v==prev` or `v==next`, the representation is
+faithfully rounded. If the choice between `prev` and `next` matches a given
+[*rounding direction], it is [*correctly rounded].
+
+All exact representations are correctly rounded, but not all inexact representations are.
+In particular, C++ requires numeric conversions (described below) and the result of
+arithmetic operations (not covered by this document) to be correctly rounded, but
+batch operations propagate roundoff, thus final results are usually incorrectly
+rounded, that is, the numeric value `r` which is the computed result is neither of
+the adjacents of the abstract value `R` which is the theoretical result.
+
+Because a correctly rounded representation is always one of adjacents of the abstract
+value being represented, the roundoff is guaranteed to be at most 1ulp.
+
+The following examples summarize the given definitions. Consider:
+
+* A numeric type `Int` representing integer numbers with a
+['numeric set]: `{-2,-1,0,1,2}` and
+['range]: `[-2,2]`
+* A numeric type `Cardinal` representing integer numbers with a
+['numeric set]: `{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}` and
+['range]: `[0,9]` (no modulo-arithmetic here)
+* A numeric type `Real` representing real numbers with a
+['numeric set]: `{-2.0,-1.5,-1.0,-0.5,-0.0,+0.0,+0.5,+1.0,+1.5,+2.0}` and
+['range]: `[-2.0,+2.0]`
+* A numeric type `Whole` representing real numbers with a
+['numeric set]: `{-2.0,-1.0,0.0,+1.0,+2.0}` and
+['range]: `[-2.0,+2.0]`
+
+First, notice that the types `Real` and `Whole` both represent real numbers,
+have the same range, but different precision.
+
+* The integer number `1` (an abstract value) can be exactly represented
+in any of these types.
+* The integer number `-1` can be exactly represented in `Int`, `Real` and `Whole`,
+but cannot be represented in `Cardinal`, yielding negative overflow.
+* The real number `1.5` can be exactly represented in `Real`, and inexactly
+represented in the other types.
+* If `1.5` is represented as either `1` or `2` in any of the types (except `Real`),
+the representation is correctly rounded.
+* If `0.5` is represented as `+1.5` in the type `Real`, it is incorrectly rounded.
+* `(-2.0,-1.5)` are the `Real` adjacents of any real number in the interval
+`[-2.0,-1.5]`, yet there are no `Real` adjacents for `x < -2.0`, nor for `x > +2.0`.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Standard (numeric) Conversions]
+
+The C++ language defines [_Standard Conversions] (§4) some of which are conversions
+between arithmetic types.
+
+These are [_Integral promotions] (§4.5), [_Integral conversions] (§4.7),
+[_Floating point promotions] (§4.6), [_Floating point conversions] (§4.8) and
+[_Floating-integral conversions] (§4.9).
+
+In the sequel, integral and floating point promotions are called [*arithmetic promotions],
+and these plus integral, floating-point and floating-integral conversions are called
+[*arithmetic conversions] (i.e, promotions are conversions).
+
+Promotions, both Integral and Floating point, are ['value-preserving], which means that
+the typed value is not changed with the conversion.
+
+In the sequel, consider a source typed value `s` of type `S`, the source abstract
+value `N=abt(s)`, a destination type `T`; and whenever possible, a result typed value
+`t` of type `T`.
+
+
+Integer to integer conversions are always defined:
+
+* If `T` is unsigned, the abstract value which is effectively represented is not
+`N` but `M=[ N % ( abt(h) + 1 ) ]`, where `h` is the highest unsigned typed
+value of type `T`.
+* If `T` is signed and `N` is not directly representable, the result `t` is
+[_implementation-defined], which means that the C++ implementation is required to
+produce a value `t` even if it is totally unrelated to `s`.
+
+
+Floating to Floating conversions are defined only if `N` is representable;
+if it is not, the conversion has [_undefined behavior].
+
+* If `N` is exactly representable, `t` is required to be the exact representation.
+* If `N` is inexactly representable, `t` is required to be one of the two
+adjacents, with an implementation-defined choice of rounding direction;
+that is, the conversion is required to be correctly rounded.
+
+
+Floating to Integer conversions represent not `N` but `M=trunc(N)`, were
+`trunc()` is to truncate: i.e. to remove the fractional part, if any.
+
+* If `M` is not representable in `T`, the conversion has [_undefined behavior]
+(unless `T` is `bool`, see §4.12).
+
+
+Integer to Floating conversions are always defined.
+
+* If `N` is exactly representable, `t` is required to be the exact representation.
+* If `N` is inexactly representable, `t` is required to be one of the
+two adjacents, with an implementation-defined choice of rounding direction;
+that is, the conversion is required to be correctly rounded.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_definitions_subranged]
+
+[section Subranged Conversion Direction, Subtype and Supertype]
+
+Given a source type `S` and a destination type `T`, there is a
+[*conversion direction] denoted: `S->T`.
+
+For any two ranges the following ['range relation] can be defined:
+A range `X` can be ['entirely contained] in a range `Y`, in which case
+it is said that `X` is enclosed by `Y`.
+
+[: [*Formally:] `R(S)` is enclosed by `R(T)` iif `(R(S) intersection R(T)) == R(S)`.]
+
+If the source type range, `R(S)`, is not enclosed in the target type range,
+`R(T)`; that is, if `(R(S) & R(T)) != R(S)`, the conversion direction is said
+to be [*subranged], which means that `R(S)` is not entirely contained in `R(T)`
+and therefore there is some portion of the source range which falls outside
+the target range. In other words, if a conversion direction `S->T` is subranged,
+there are values in `S` which cannot be represented in `T` because they are
+out of range.
+Notice that for `S->T`, the adjective subranged applies to `T`.
+
+Examples:
+
+Given the following numeric types all representing real numbers:
+
+* `X` with numeric set `{-2.0,-1.0,0.0,+1.0,+2.0}` and range `[-2.0,+2.0]`
+* `Y` with numeric set `{-2.0,-1.5,-1.0,-0.5,0.0,+0.5,+1.0,+1.5,+2.0}` and range `[-2.0,+2.0]`
+* `Z` with numeric set `{-1.0,0.0,+1.0}` and range `[-1.0,+1.0]`
+
+For:
+
+[variablelist
+[[(a) X->Y:][
+`R(X) & R(Y) == R(X)`, then `X->Y` is not subranged.
+Thus, all values of type `X` are representable in the type `Y`.
+]]
+[[(b) Y->X:][
+`R(Y) & R(X) == R(Y)`, then `Y->X` is not subranged.
+Thus, all values of type `Y` are representable in the type `X`, but in this case,
+some values are ['inexactly] representable (all the halves).
+(note: it is to permit this case that a range is an interval of abstract values and
+not an interval of typed values)
+]]
+[[(b) X->Z:][
+`R(X) & R(Z) != R(X)`, then `X->Z` is subranged.
+Thus, some values of type `X` are not representable in the type `Z`, they fall
+out of range `(-2.0 and +2.0)`.
+]]
+]
+
+It is possible that `R(S)` is not enclosed by `R(T)`, while neither is `R(T)` enclosed
+by `R(S)`; for example, `UNSIG=[0,255]` is not enclosed by `SIG=[-128,127]`;
+neither is `SIG` enclosed by `UNSIG`.
+This implies that is possible that a conversion direction is subranged both ways.
+This occurs when a mixture of signed/unsigned types are involved and indicates that
+in both directions there are values which can fall out of range.
+
+Given the range relation (subranged or not) of a conversion direction `S->T`, it
+is possible to classify `S` and `T` as [*supertype] and [*subtype]:
+If the conversion is subranged, which means that `T` cannot represent all possible
+values of type `S`, `S` is the supertype and `T` the subtype; otherwise, `T` is the
+supertype and `S` the subtype.
+
+For example:
+
+[: `R(float)=[-FLT_MAX,FLT_MAX]` and `R(double)=[-DBL_MAX,DBL_MAX]` ]
+
+If `FLT_MAX < DBL_MAX`:
+
+* `double->float` is subranged and `supertype=double`, `subtype=float`.
+* `float->double` is not subranged and `supertype=double`, `subtype=float`.
+
+Notice that while `double->float` is subranged, `float->double` is not,
+which yields the same supertype,subtype for both directions.
+
+Now consider:
+
+[: `R(int)=[INT_MIN,INT_MAX]` and `R(unsigned int)=[0,UINT_MAX]` ]
+
+A C++ implementation is required to have `UINT_MAX > INT_MAX` (§3.9/3), so:
+
+* 'int->unsigned' is subranged (negative values fall out of range)
+and `supertype=int`, `subtype=unsigned`.
+* 'unsigned->int' is ['also] subranged (high positive values fall out of range)
+and `supertype=unsigned`, `subtype=int`.
+
+In this case, the conversion is subranged in both directions and the
+supertype,subtype pairs are not invariant (under inversion of direction).
+This indicates that none of the types can represent all the values of the other.
+
+When the supertype is the same for both `S->T` and `T->S`, it is effectively
+indicating a type which can represent all the values of the subtype.
+Consequently, if a conversion `X->Y` is not subranged, but the opposite `(Y->X)` is,
+so that the supertype is always `Y`, it is said that the direction `X->Y` is [*correctly
+rounded value preserving], meaning that all such conversions are guaranteed to
+produce results in range and correctly rounded (even if inexact).
+For example, all integer to floating conversions are correctly rounded value preserving.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
+
+
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+index.html
+boost_numericconversion/definitions.html
+boost_numericconversion/converter___function_object.html
+boost_numericconversion/type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html
+boost_numericconversion/bounds___traits_class.html
+boost_numericconversion/conversion_traits___traits_class.html
+boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html
+boost_numericconversion/improved_numeric_cast__.html
+numeric_conversion/history_and_acknowledgments.html
+numeric_conversion/bibliography.html
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>bounds&lt;&gt;
+    traits class</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="prev" href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html" title="Type
+    Requirements and User-defined-types support">
+<link rel="next" href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html" title="conversion_traits&lt;&gt;
+    traits class">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class"></a><a href="bounds___traits_class.html" title="bounds&lt;&gt;
+    traits class">bounds&lt;&gt;
+    traits class</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.traits_class_bounds_n_">traits
+      class bounds&lt;N&gt;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.introduction"></a><a href="bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.introduction" title="Introduction">Introduction</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        To determine the ranges of numeric types with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span></code>
+        [18.2.1], different syntax have to be used depending on numeric type. Specifically,
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">min</span><span class="special">()</span></code> for
+        integral types returns the minimum finite value, whereas for floating point
+        types it returns the minimum positive normalized value. The difference in
+        semantics makes client code unnecessarily complex and error prone.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bounds</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        provides a consistent interface for retrieving the maximum finite value,
+        the minimum finite value and the minimum positive normalized value (0 for
+        integral types) for numeric types. The selection of implementation is performed
+        at compile time, so there is no runtime overhead.
+      </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.traits_class_bounds_n_"></a><a href="bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.traits_class_bounds_n_" title="traits
+      class bounds&lt;N&gt;">traits
+      class bounds&lt;N&gt;</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">bounds</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">N</span> <span class="identifier">lowest</span>  <span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">implementation_defined</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">N</span> <span class="identifier">highest</span> <span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">implementation_defined</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">N</span> <span class="identifier">smallest</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">implementation_defined</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+</pre>
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.traits_class_bounds_n_.members"></a><h5>
+<a name="id2626382"></a>
+        <a href="bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.traits_class_bounds_n_.members">Members</a>
+      </h5>
+<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
+<p>
+          </p>
+<p>
+            <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">lowest</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+          </p>
+<p>
+        </p>
+</blockquote></div>
+<p>
+        Returns the minimum finite value, equivalent to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">min</span><span class="special">()</span></code> when
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is an integral type, and
+        to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">max</span><span class="special">()</span></code> when
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is a floating point type.
+      </p>
+<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
+<p>
+          </p>
+<p>
+            <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">highest</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+          </p>
+<p>
+        </p>
+</blockquote></div>
+<p>
+        Returns the maximum finite value, equivalent to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">max</span><span class="special">()</span></code>.
+      </p>
+<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
+<p>
+          </p>
+<p>
+            <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">smallest</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+          </p>
+<p>
+        </p>
+</blockquote></div>
+<p>
+        Returns the smallest positive normalized value for floating point types with
+        denormalization, or returns 0 for integral types.
+      </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.examples"></a><a href="bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.examples" title="Examples">Examples</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        The following example demonstrates the use of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bounds</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> and the equivalent code using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span></code>:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">iostream</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">conversion</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">bounds</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">limits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"numeric::bounds versus numeric_limits example.\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"The maximum value for float:\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bounds</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">highest</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">max</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"The minimum value for float:\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bounds</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">lowest</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">max</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"The smallest positive value for float:\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bounds</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">smallest</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">min</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"\n"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>conversion_traits&lt;&gt;
+    traits class</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="prev" href="bounds___traits_class.html" title="bounds&lt;&gt;
+    traits class">
+<link rel="next" href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html" title="Numeric
+    Converter Policy Classes">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="bounds___traits_class.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html" title="conversion_traits&lt;&gt;
+    traits class">conversion_traits&lt;&gt;
+    traits class</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types">Types</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types" title="Types">Types</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_int_float_mixture_enum">enumeration
+        int_float_mixture_enum</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_sign_mixture_enum">enumeration
+        sign_mixture_enum</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_udt_builtin_mixture_enum">enumeration
+        udt_builtin_mixture_enum</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_int_float_mixture__">template
+        class int_float_mixture&lt;&gt;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_sign_mixture__">template
+        class sign_mixture&lt;&gt;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_udt_builtin_mixture__">template
+        class udt_builtin_mixture&lt;&gt;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_is_subranged__">template
+        class is_subranged&lt;&gt;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_conversion_traits__">template
+        class conversion_traits&lt;&gt;</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_traits_int_float_mixture_enum"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_int_float_mixture_enum"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_int_float_mixture_enum" title="enumeration
+        int_float_mixture_enum">enumeration
+        int_float_mixture_enum</a>
+</h4></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="identifier">int_float_mixture_enum</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+       <span class="identifier">integral_to_integral</span>
+      <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">integral_to_float</span>
+      <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">float_to_integral</span>
+      <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">float_to_float</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost::numeric
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_traits_sign_mixture_enum"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_sign_mixture_enum"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_sign_mixture_enum" title="enumeration
+        sign_mixture_enum">enumeration
+        sign_mixture_enum</a>
+</h4></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="identifier">sign_mixture_enum</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+   <span class="identifier">unsigned_to_unsigned</span>
+  <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">signed_to_signed</span>
+  <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">signed_to_unsigned</span>
+  <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">unsigned_to_signed</span>
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost::numeric
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_traits_udt_builtin_mixture_enum"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_udt_builtin_mixture_enum"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.enumeration_udt_builtin_mixture_enum" title="enumeration
+        udt_builtin_mixture_enum">enumeration
+        udt_builtin_mixture_enum</a>
+</h4></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="identifier">udt_builtin_mixture_enum</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+       <span class="identifier">builtin_to_builtin</span>
+      <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">builtin_to_udt</span>
+      <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">udt_to_builtin</span>
+      <span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">udt_to_udt</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost::numeric
+</span></pre>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_traits_class_int_float_mixture"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_int_float_mixture__"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_int_float_mixture__" title="template
+        class int_float_mixture&lt;&gt;">template
+        class int_float_mixture&lt;&gt;</a>
+</h4></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_float_mixture</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">int_float_mixture_enum</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">{}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost::numeric
+</span></pre>
+<p>
+          Classifying <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> as either integral or float, this
+          <a href="../../../../../mpl/refmanual/integral-constant.html" target="_top">MPL's Integral
+          Constant</a> indicates the combination of these attributes.
+        </p>
+<p>
+          Its <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
+          is of enumeration type <a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#numeric_conversion_traits_int_float_mixture_enum"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int_float_mixture_enum</span></code></a>
+        </p>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_traits_class_sign_mixture"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_sign_mixture__"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_sign_mixture__" title="template
+        class sign_mixture&lt;&gt;">template
+        class sign_mixture&lt;&gt;</a>
+</h4></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">sign_mixture</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">sign_mixture_enum</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">{}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost::numeric
+</span></pre>
+<p>
+          Classifying <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> as either signed or unsigned, this
+          <a href="../../../../../mpl/refmanual/integral-constant.html" target="_top">MPL's Integral
+          Constant</a> indicates the combination of these attributes.
+        </p>
+<p>
+          Its <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
+          is of enumeration type <a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#numeric_conversion_traits_sign_mixture_enum"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">sign_mixture_enum</span></code></a>
+        </p>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_traits_class_udt_builtin_mixture"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_udt_builtin_mixture__"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_udt_builtin_mixture__" title="template
+        class udt_builtin_mixture&lt;&gt;">template
+        class udt_builtin_mixture&lt;&gt;</a>
+</h4></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">udt_builtin_mixture</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">udt_builtin__mixture_enum</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">{}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost::numeric
+</span></pre>
+<p>
+          Classifying <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> as either user-defined or builtin,
+          this <a href="../../../../../mpl/refmanual/integral-constant.html" target="_top">MPL's
+          Integral Constant</a> indicates the combination of these attributes.
+        </p>
+<p>
+          Its <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
+          is of enumeration type <a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#numeric_conversion_traits_udt_builtin_mixture_enum"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">udt_builtin_mixture_enum</span></code></a>
+        </p>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_traits_is_subranged"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_is_subranged__"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_is_subranged__" title="template
+        class is_subranged&lt;&gt;">template
+        class is_subranged&lt;&gt;</a>
+</h4></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_subranged</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bool_</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">def</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">{}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost::numeric
+</span></pre>
+<p>
+          Indicates if the range of the target type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
+          is a subset of the range of the source type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span></code>.
+          That is: if there are some source values which fall out of the Target type's
+          range.
+        </p>
+<p>
+          It is a boolean <a href="../../../../../mpl/refmanual/integral-constant.html" target="_top">MPL's
+          Integral Constant</a> .
+        </p>
+<p>
+          It does not indicate if a particular conversion is effectively out of range;
+          it indicates that some conversion might be out of range because not all
+          the source values are representable as Target type.
+        </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_conversion_traits__"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types.template_class_conversion_traits__" title="template
+        class conversion_traits&lt;&gt;">template
+        class conversion_traits&lt;&gt;</a>
+</h4></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">int_float_mixture_enum</span>  <span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">...&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">int_float_mixture</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">sign_mixture_enum</span>       <span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">...&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">sign_mixture</span><span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">udt_builtin_mixture_enum</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">...&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">udt_builtin_mixture</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+        <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bool_</span><span class="special">&lt;...&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">subranged</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bool_</span><span class="special">&lt;...&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">trivial</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">target_type</span>   <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">S</span> <span class="identifier">source_type</span>   <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span>   <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">supertype</span>     <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">subtype</span>       <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace numeric, namespace boost
+</span></pre>
+<p>
+          This traits class indicates some properties of a <span class="emphasis"><em>numeric conversion</em></span>
+          direction: from a source type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span></code>
+          to a target type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>. It
+          does not indicate the properties of a <span class="emphasis"><em>specific</em></span> conversion,
+          but of the conversion direction. See <a href="definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_subranged">Definitions</a>
+          for details.
+        </p>
+<p>
+          The traits class provides the following <a href="../../../../../mpl/refmanual/integral-constant.html" target="_top">MPL's
+          Integral Constant</a> \s of enumeration type. They express the combination
+          of certain attributes of the Source and Target types (thus they are call
+          mixture):
+        </p>
+<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+                <p>
+                </p>
+                </th>
+<th>
+                <p>
+                </p>
+                </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>int_float_mixture </strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  Same as given by the traits class <a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#numeric_conversion_traits_class_int_float_mixture">int_float_mixture</a>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>sign_mixture </strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  Same as given by the traits class <a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#numeric_conversion_traits_class_sign_mixture">sign_mixture</a>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>udt_builtin_mixture </strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  Same as given by the traits class <a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#numeric_conversion_traits_class_udt_builtin_mixture">udt_builtin_mixture</a>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+<p>
+          The traits class provides the following <a href="../../../../../mpl/refmanual/integral-constant.html" target="_top">MPL's
+          Integral Constant</a> \s of boolean type which indicates indirectly
+          the relation between the Source and Target ranges (see <a href="definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_range">Definitions</a>
+          for details).
+        </p>
+<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+                <p>
+                </p>
+                </th>
+<th>
+                <p>
+                </p>
+                </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  subranged
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  Same as given by <a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#numeric_conversion_traits_is_subranged">is_subranged</a>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  trivial
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  Indicates if both Source and Target, <span class="underline">without
+                  cv-qualifications</span>, are the same type.
+                </p>
+                <p>
+                  Its <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
+                  is of boolean type.
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+<p>
+          The traits class provides the following types. They are the Source and
+          Target types classified and qualified for different purposes.
+        </p>
+<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+                <p>
+                </p>
+                </th>
+<th>
+                <p>
+                </p>
+                </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>target_type</strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  The template parameter <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
+                  without cv-qualifications
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>source_type</strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  The template parameter <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span></code>
+                  without cv-qualifications
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>argument_type</strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  This type is either source_type or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">source_type</span>
+                  <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>.
+                </p>
+                <p>
+                  It represents the optimal argument type for the <a href="../index.html#numeric_conversion_converter">converter</a>
+                  member functions.
+                </p>
+                <p>
+                  If S is a built-in type, this is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">source_type</span></code>,
+                  otherwise, this is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">source_type</span>
+                  <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>.
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>result_type</strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  This type is either target_type or target_type const&amp;
+                </p>
+                <p>
+                  It represents the return type of the <a href="../index.html#numeric_conversion_converter">converter</a>
+                  member functions.
+                </p>
+                <p>
+                  If <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">==</span><span class="identifier">S</span></code>, it is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">target_type</span>
+                  <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>,
+                  otherwise, it is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">target_type</span></code>.
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>supertype</strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  If the conversion is subranged, it is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">source_type</span></code>,
+                  otherwise, it is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">target_type</span></code>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  <span class="bold"><strong>subtype</strong></span>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+<td>
+                <p>
+                  If the conversion is subranged, it is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">target_type</span></code>,
+                  otherwise, it is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">source_type</span></code>
+                </p>
+                </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.examples"></a><a href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.examples" title="Examples">Examples</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cassert</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">typeinfo</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">conversion</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="comment">// A trivial conversion.
+</span>    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">Short2Short_Traits</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">Short2Short_Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">trivial</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="comment">// A subranged conversion.
+</span>    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">UInt2Double_Traits</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span>  <span class="identifier">UInt2Double_Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int_float_mixture</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_to_float</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span>  <span class="identifier">UInt2Double_Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">sign_mixture</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">unsigned_to_signed</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="special">!</span><span class="identifier">UInt2Double_Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">subranged</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="keyword">typeid</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">UInt2Double_Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">supertype</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">typeid</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="keyword">typeid</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">UInt2Double_Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">subtype</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">typeid</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="comment">// A doubly subranged conversion.
+</span>    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">subranged</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">subranged</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="bounds___traits_class.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>converter&lt;&gt;
+    function object</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="prev" href="definitions.html" title="Definitions">
+<link rel="next" href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html" title="Type
+    Requirements and User-defined-types support">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="definitions.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object"></a><a href="converter___function_object.html" title="converter&lt;&gt;
+    function object">converter&lt;&gt;
+    function object</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.template_parameters">Template
+      parameters</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.member_functions">Member
+      functions</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.range_checking_logic">Range
+      Checking Logic</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.synopsis"></a><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.synopsis" title="Synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span>
+             <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">,</span>
+             <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">,</span>          <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+             <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">OverflowHandler</span>  <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">def_overflow_handler</span><span class="special">,</span>
+             <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Float2IntRounder</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">Trunc</span><span class="special">&lt;</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">source_type</span> <span class="special">&gt;,</span>
+             <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">RawConverter</span>     <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">raw_converter</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">&gt;,</span>
+             <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">UserRangeChecker</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">UseInternalRangeChecker</span>
+            <span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">converter</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="identifier">traits</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">source_type</span>   <span class="identifier">source_type</span>   <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">result_type</span>   <span class="identifier">result_type</span>   <span class="special">;</span>
+
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="identifier">convert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+        <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+        <span class="comment">// Internal member functions:
+</span>
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">range_check_result</span> <span class="identifier">out_of_range</span>      <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span>               <span class="identifier">validate_range</span>    <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span>        <span class="identifier">low_level_convert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">source_type</span>        <span class="identifier">nearbyint</span>         <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace numeric, boost
+</span></pre>
+<p>
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        is a <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/UnaryFunction.html" target="_top">Unary Function
+        Object</a> encapsulating the code to perform a numeric conversion with
+        the direction and properties specified by the Traits template parameter.
+        It can optionally take some <a href="../index.html#numeric_coversion_converter_policies">policies</a>
+        which can be used to customize its behavior. The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Traits</span></code>
+        parameter is not a policy but the parameter that defines the conversion.
+      </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.template_parameters"></a><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.template_parameters" title="Template
+      parameters">Template
+      parameters</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+              <p>
+              </p>
+              </th>
+<th>
+              <p>
+              </p>
+              </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
+              </p>
+              </td>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                The <a href="definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types">Numeric
+                Type</a> which is the <span class="emphasis"><em>Target</em></span> of the conversion.
+              </p>
+              </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span></code>
+              </p>
+              </td>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                The <a href="definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types">Numeric
+                Type</a> which is the <span class="emphasis"><em>Source</em></span> of the conversion.
+              </p>
+              </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Traits</span></code>
+              </p>
+              </td>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                This must be a conversion traits class with the interface of <a href="../index.html#numeric_conversion_traits"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span></code></a>
+              </p>
+              </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">OverflowHandler</span></code>
+              </p>
+              </td>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <span class="bold"><strong>Stateless Policy</strong></span> called to administrate
+                the result of the range checking.
+              </p>
+              <p>
+                It is a <span class="bold"><strong>Function Object</strong></span> which receives
+                the result of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">out_of_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code> and is called inside the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">validate_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+                static member function exposed by the converter.
+              </p>
+              </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Float2IntRounder</span></code>
+              </p>
+              </td>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <span class="bold"><strong>Stateless Policy</strong></span> which specifies
+                the rounding mode used for float to integral conversions.
+              </p>
+              <p>
+                It supplies the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">nearbyint</span><span class="special">()</span></code> static member function exposed
+                by the converter.
+              </p>
+              </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">RawConverter</span></code>
+              </p>
+              </td>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <span class="bold"><strong>Stateless Policy</strong></span> which is used to
+                perform the actual conversion.
+              </p>
+              <p>
+                It supplies the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">low_level_convert</span><span class="special">()</span></code> static member function exposed
+                by the converter.
+              </p>
+              </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">UserRangeChecker</span></code>
+              </p>
+              </td>
+<td>
+              <p>
+                <span class="emphasis"><em>Special and Optional</em></span> <span class="bold"><strong>Stateless
+                Policy</strong></span> which can be used to override the internal range
+                checking logic.
+              </p>
+              <p>
+                If given, supplies alternative code for the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">out_of_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">validate_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code> static member functions exposed
+                by the converter.
+              </p>
+              </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.member_functions"></a><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.member_functions" title="Member
+      functions">Member
+      functions</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
+<p>
+          </p>
+<p>
+            <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span>
+            <span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">convert</span> <span class="special">(</span>
+            <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
+            <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+            <span class="comment">// throw </span></code>
+          </p>
+<p>
+        </p>
+</blockquote></div>
+<p>
+        This static member function converts an rvalue of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">source_type</span></code>
+        to an rvalue of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">target_type</span></code>.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        If the conversion requires it, it performs a range checking before the conversion
+        and passes the result of the check to the overflow handler policy (the default
+        policy throws an exception if out-of-range is detected)
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The implementation of this function is actually built from the policies and
+        is basically as follows:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">convert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="identifier">validate_range</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Implemented by the internal range checking logic
+</span>                       <span class="comment">// (which also calls the OverflowHandler policy)
+</span>                       <span class="comment">// or externally supplied by the UserRangeChecker policy.
+</span>
+    <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">nearbyint</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Externally supplied by the Float2IntRounder policy.
+</span>                      <span class="comment">// NOTE: This is actually called only for float to int conversions.
+</span>
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">low_level_convert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Externally supplied by the RawConverter policy.
+</span><span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code> just calls <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/space.png" alt="space"></span>
+      </p>
+<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
+<p>
+          </p>
+<p>
+            <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">range_check_result</span>
+            <span class="identifier">numeric_converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">out_of_range</span> <span class="special">(</span>
+            <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
+            <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span></code>
+          </p>
+<p>
+        </p>
+</blockquote></div>
+<p>
+        This <a href="converter___function_object.html#numeric_conversion_converter_internal">internal</a>
+        static member function determines if the value <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">s</span></code>
+        can be represented by the target type without overflow.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        It does not determine if the conversion is <span class="emphasis"><em>exact</em></span>; that
+        is, it does not detect <span class="emphasis"><em>inexact</em></span> conversions, only <span class="emphasis"><em>out-of-range</em></span>
+        conversions (see the <a href="definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_roundoff">Definitions</a>
+        for further details).
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The return value is of enum type <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_converter_policies_range_check_result"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">range_check_result</span></code></a>
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The actual code for the range checking logic is optimized for the combined
+        properties of the source and target types. For example, a non-subranged conversion
+        (i.e: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>-&gt;<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">float</span></code>), requires no range checking, so <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">out_of_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+        returns <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">cInRange</span></code> directly.
+        See the following <a href="converter___function_object.html#numeric_conversion_converter_range_checking_logic">table</a>
+        for more details.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        If the user supplied a <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker">UserRangeChecker</a>
+        policy, is this policy which implements this function, so the implementation
+        is user defined, although it is expected to perform the same conceptual check
+        and return the appropriate result.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/space.png" alt="space"></span>
+      </p>
+<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
+<p>
+          </p>
+<p>
+            <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span>
+            <span class="identifier">numeric_converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">validate_range</span> <span class="special">(</span>
+            <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
+            <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+            <span class="comment">// no throw </span></code>
+          </p>
+<p>
+        </p>
+</blockquote></div>
+<p>
+        This <a href="converter___function_object.html#numeric_conversion_converter_internal">internal</a>
+        static member function calls out_of_range(s), and passes the result to the
+        <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler">OverflowHandler</a>
+        policy class.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        For those Target/Source combinations which don't require range checking,
+        this is an empty inline function.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        If the user supplied a <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker">UserRangeChecker</a>
+        policy, is this policy which implements this function, so the implementation
+        is user defined, although it is expected to perform the same action as the
+        default. In particular, it is expected to pass the result of the check to
+        the overflow handler.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/space.png" alt="space"></span>
+      </p>
+<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
+<p>
+          </p>
+<p>
+            <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span>
+            <span class="identifier">numeric_converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">low_level_convert</span> <span class="special">(</span>
+            <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
+            <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span></code>
+          </p>
+<p>
+        </p>
+</blockquote></div>
+<p>
+        This <a href="converter___function_object.html#numeric_conversion_converter_internal">internal</a>
+        static member function performs the actual conversion.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        This function is externally supplied by the <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_raw_converter">RawConverter</a>
+        policy class.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/space.png" alt="space"></span>
+      </p>
+<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
+<p>
+          </p>
+<p>
+            <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">source_type</span>
+            <span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">nearbyint</span> <span class="special">(</span>
+            <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span>
+            <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span></code>
+          </p>
+<p>
+        </p>
+</blockquote></div>
+<p>
+        This <a href="converter___function_object.html#numeric_conversion_converter_internal">internal</a>
+        static member function, which is <span class="underline">only used</span>
+        for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">float</span></code> to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
+        conversions, returns an <span class="emphasis"><em>integer</em></span> value of <span class="emphasis"><em><span class="underline">floating-point type</span></em></span> according to some
+        rounding direction.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        This function is externally supplied by the <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_float_to_int_rounder">Float2IntRounder</a>
+        policy class which encapsulates the specific rounding mode.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/space.png" alt="space"></span>
+      </p>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_converter_internal"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.member_functions.internal_member_functions"></a><h5>
+<a name="id2624118"></a>
+        <a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.member_functions.internal_member_functions">Internal
+        Member Functions</a>
+      </h5>
+<p>
+        These static member functions build the actual conversion code used by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">()</span></code>.
+        The user does not have to call these if calling <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">()</span></code>, since <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">()</span></code> calls them infernally, but they can be
+        called separately for specific needs.
+      </p>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_converter_range_checking_logic"></a><p>
+    </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.range_checking_logic"></a><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.range_checking_logic" title="Range
+      Checking Logic">Range
+      Checking Logic</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        The following table summarizes the internal range checking logic performed
+        for each combination of the properties of Source and Target.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        LowestT/HighestT denotes the highest and lowest values of the Target type,
+        respectively.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span></code> is short
+        for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span></code> (<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">S</span></code> denotes the Source type).
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">NONE</span></code> indicates that for this
+        case there is no range checking.
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><code class="literal">
+int_to_int    |--&gt; sig_to_sig     |--&gt; subranged     |--&gt; ( s &gt;= S(LowestT) ) &amp;&amp; ( s &lt;= S(HighestT) )
+              |                   |--&gt; not subranged |--&gt; NONE
+              |
+              |--&gt; unsig_to_unsig |--&gt; subranged     |--&gt; ( s &gt;= S(LowestT) ) &amp;&amp; ( s &lt;= S(HighestT) )
+              |                   |--&gt; not subranged |--&gt; NONE
+              |
+              |--&gt; sig_to_unsig   |--&gt; pos subranged     |--&gt; ( s &gt;= S(0) ) &amp;&amp; ( s &lt;= S(HighestT) )
+              |                   |--&gt; not pos subranged |--&gt; ( s &gt;= S(0) )
+              |
+              |--&gt; unsig_to_sig   |--&gt; subranged     |--&gt; ( s &lt;= S(HighestT) )
+              |                   |--&gt; not subranged |--&gt; NONE
+</code>
+<code class="literal">
+int_to_float   |--&gt; NONE
+</code>
+<code class="literal">
+float_to_int   |--&gt; round_to_zero         |--&gt; ( s &gt;  S(LowestT)-S(1)   ) &amp;&amp; ( s &lt;  S(HighestT)+S(1)   )
+               |--&gt; round_to_even_nearest |--&gt; ( s &gt;= S(LowestT)-S(0.5) ) &amp;&amp; ( s &lt;  S(HighestT)+S(0.5) )
+               |--&gt; round_to_infinity     |--&gt; ( s &gt;  S(LowestT)-S(1)   ) &amp;&amp; ( s &lt;= S(HighestT)        )
+               |--&gt; round_to_neg_infinity |--&gt; ( s &gt;= S(LowestT)        ) &amp;&amp; ( s &lt;  S(HighestT)+S(1)   )
+</code>
+<code class="literal">
+float_to_float |--&gt; subranged     |--&gt; ( s &gt;= S(LowestT) ) &amp;&amp; ( s &lt;= S(HighestT) )
+               |--&gt; not subranged |--&gt; NONE
+</code>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.examples"></a><a href="converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.examples" title="Examples">Examples</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cassert</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">conversion</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">Double2Int</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">Double2Int</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">2.0</span><span class="special">);</span>
+    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">2</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">y</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">Double2Int</span><span class="special">()(</span><span class="number">3.14</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// As a function object.
+</span>    <span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">y</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// The default rounding is trunc.
+</span>
+    <span class="keyword">try</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">m</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bounds</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">highest</span><span class="special">();</span>
+        <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">z</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">Double2Int</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">m</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// By default throws positive_overflow()
+</span>    <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="keyword">catch</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">positive_overflow</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="definitions.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>Improved
+    numeric_cast&lt;&gt;</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="prev" href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html" title="Numeric
+    Converter Policy Classes">
+<link rel="next" href="../numeric_conversion/history_and_acknowledgments.html" title="History
+    and Acknowledgments">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="../numeric_conversion/history_and_acknowledgments.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__"></a><a href="improved_numeric_cast__.html" title="Improved
+    numeric_cast&lt;&gt;">Improved
+    numeric_cast&lt;&gt;</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.numeric_cast">numeric_cast</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.introduction"></a><a href="improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.introduction" title="Introduction">Introduction</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        The lack of preservation of range makes conversions between numeric types
+        error prone. This is true for both implicit conversions and explicit conversions
+        (through <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static_cast</span></code>). <a href="improved_numeric_cast__.html#numeric_conversion_numeric_cast"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span></code></a>
+        detects loss of range when a numeric type is converted, and throws an exception
+        if the range cannot be preserved.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        There are several situations where conversions are unsafe:
+      </p>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
+<li>
+          Conversions from an integral type with a wider range than the target integral
+          type.
+        </li>
+<li>
+          Conversions from unsigned to signed (and vice versa) integral types.
+        </li>
+<li>
+          Conversions from floating point types to integral types.
+        </li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>
+        The C++ Standard does not specify the behavior when a numeric type is assigned
+        a value that cannot be represented by the type, except for unsigned integral
+        types [3.9.1.4], which must obey the laws of arithmetic modulo 2n (this implies
+        that the result will be reduced modulo the number that is one greater than
+        the largest value that can be represented). The fact that the behavior for
+        overflow is undefined for all conversions (except the aforementioned unsigned
+        to unsigned) makes any code that may produce positive or negative overflows
+        exposed to portability issues.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span></code> adheres to the
+        rules for implicit conversions mandated by the C++ Standard, such as truncating
+        floating point types when converting to integral types. The implementation
+        must guarantee that for a conversion to a type that can hold all possible
+        values of the source type, there will be no runtime overhead.
+      </p>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_numeric_cast"></a><p>
+    </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.numeric_cast"></a><a href="improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.numeric_cast" title="numeric_cast">numeric_cast</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Target</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Source</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">inline</span>
+<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Target</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">Source</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">result_type</span>
+<span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">Source</span> <span class="identifier">arg</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Target</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">Source</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">arg</span><span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span></code> returns the
+        result of converting a value of type Source to a value of type Target. If
+        out-of-range is detected, an exception is thrown (see <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_bad_numeric_cast">bad_numeric_cast</a>,
+        <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_negative_overflow">negative_overflow</a>
+        and <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_possitive_overflow">positive_overflow</a>
+        ).
+      </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.examples"></a><a href="improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.examples" title="Examples">Examples</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        The following example performs some typical conversions between numeric types:
+      </p>
+<div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1">
+<li>
+          include &lt;boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp&gt;
+        </li>
+<li>
+          include &lt;iostream&gt;
+        </li>
+</ol></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bad_numeric_cast</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">positive_overflow</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">negative_overflow</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">try</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="number">42</span><span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">short</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// This conversion succeeds (is in range)
+</span>    <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="keyword">catch</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">negative_overflow</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">what</span><span class="special">();</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="keyword">catch</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">positive_overflow</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">what</span><span class="special">();</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">try</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">float</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">=-</span><span class="number">42.1234</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+        <span class="comment">// This will cause a boost::numeric::negative_overflow exception to be thrown
+</span>        <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">);</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="keyword">catch</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">bad_numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">what</span><span class="special">();</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">d</span><span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">f</span> <span class="special">+</span> <span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="number">123</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// int -&gt; double
+</span>
+    <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">l</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">max</span><span class="special">();</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">try</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="comment">// This will cause a boost::numeric::positive_overflow exception to be thrown
+</span>        <span class="comment">// NOTE: *operations* on unsigned integral types cannot cause overflow
+</span>        <span class="comment">// but *conversions* to a signed type ARE range checked by numeric_cast.
+</span>
+        <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">l</span><span class="special">);</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="keyword">catch</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">positive_overflow</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">what</span><span class="special">();</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+
+
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="../numeric_conversion/history_and_acknowledgments.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>Numeric
+    Converter Policy Classes</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="prev" href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html" title="conversion_traits&lt;&gt;
+    traits class">
+<link rel="next" href="improved_numeric_cast__.html" title="Improved
+    numeric_cast&lt;&gt;">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="improved_numeric_cast__.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes"></a><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html" title="Numeric
+    Converter Policy Classes">Numeric
+    Converter Policy Classes</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.enum_range_check_result">enum
+      range_check_result</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_overflowhandler">Policy
+      OverflowHandler</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_float2introunder">Policy
+      Float2IntRounder</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_rawconverter">Policy
+      RawConverter</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_userrangechecker">Policy
+      UserRangeChecker</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_converter_policies_range_check_result"></a><p>
+    </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.enum_range_check_result"></a><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.enum_range_check_result" title="enum
+      range_check_result">enum
+      range_check_result</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="identifier">range_check_result</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="identifier">cInRange</span>     <span class="special">,</span>
+        <span class="identifier">cNegOverflow</span> <span class="special">,</span>
+        <span class="identifier">cPosOverflow</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        Defines the values returned by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">out_of_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+      </p>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler"></a><p>
+    </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_overflowhandler"></a><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_overflowhandler" title="Policy
+      OverflowHandler">Policy
+      OverflowHandler</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        This <span class="emphasis"><em>stateless</em></span> non-template policy class must be a
+        <span class="emphasis"><em>function object</em></span> and is called to administrate the result
+        of the range checking. It can throw an exception if overflow has been detected
+        by the range checking as indicated by its argument. If it throws, is is recommended
+        that it be <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bad_cast</span></code> or derived.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        It must have the following interface (it does not has to be a template class):
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">YourOverflowHandlerPolicy</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">range_check_result</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// throw bad_cast or derived
+</span><span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        It is called with the result of the converter's <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">out_of_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code> inside <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">validate_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code>.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        These are the two overflow handler classes provided by the library:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">def_overflow_handler</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">range_check_result</span> <span class="identifier">r</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="comment">// throw bad_numeric_conversion derived
+</span>        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">r</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">cNegOverflow</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+                <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="identifier">negative_overflow</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+            <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">r</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">cPosOverflow</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+                <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="identifier">positive_overflow</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">silent_overflow_handler</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">range_check_result</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="comment">// no-throw
+</span>        <span class="special">{}</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        And these are the Exception Classes thrown by the default overflow handler
+        <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler_important_note">(see
+        IMPORTANT note)</a>
+      </p>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_bad_numeric_cast"></a><a name="numeric_conversion_negative_overflow"></a><a name="numeric_conversion_possitive_overflow"></a><pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    
+    <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">bad_numeric_cast</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bad_cast</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
+        <span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">what</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="comment">// throw()
+</span>        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"bad numeric conversion: overflow"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+
+    <span class="special">};</span>
+
+    
+    <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">negative_overflow</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="identifier">bad_numeric_cast</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
+        <span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">what</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="comment">// throw()
+</span>        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"bad numeric conversion: negative overflow"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="special">};</span>
+
+    
+    <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">positive_overflow</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="identifier">bad_numeric_cast</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
+        <span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">what</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="comment">// throw()
+</span>        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"bad numeric conversion: positive overflow"</span><span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="special">};</span>
+
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler_important_note"></a><p>
+      </p>
+<div class="important"><table border="0" summary="Important">
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Important]" src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/important.png"></td>
+<th align="left">Important</th>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
+          <span class="bold"><strong>RELEASE NOTE for 1.33</strong></span> Previous to boost
+          version 1.33, the exception class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">bad_numeric_cast</span></code>
+          was named <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">bad_numeric_conversion</span></code>.
+          However, in 1.33, the old function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> from <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">cast</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span></code>
+          was completly replaced by the new <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> in <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">conversion</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">cast</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span></code>
+          (and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">cast</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span></code> is including <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">conversion</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">cast</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span></code>
+          now). That old function which existed in boost for quite some time used
+          the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">bad_numeric_cast</span></code> as
+          its exception type so I decided to avoid backward compatibility problems
+          by adopting it (guessing that the user base for the old code is wider than
+          for the new code).
+        </p></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_policy_float_to_int_rounder"></a><p>
+    </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_float2introunder"></a><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_float2introunder" title="Policy
+      Float2IntRounder">Policy
+      Float2IntRounder</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        This <span class="emphasis"><em>stateless</em></span> template policy class specifies the rounding
+        mode used for <span class="underline">float to integral</span> conversions.
+        It supplies the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">nearbyint</span><span class="special">()</span></code> static member function exposed by the converter,
+        which means that it <span class="underline">publicly inherits from this
+        policy</span>.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The policy must have the following interface:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">YourFloat2IntRounderPolicy</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">S</span>               <span class="identifier">source_type</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="special">{</span><span class="identifier">S</span> <span class="keyword">or</span> <span class="identifier">S</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;}</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">source_type</span> <span class="identifier">nearbyint</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="special">...</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">float_round_style</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">round_</span><span class="special">...&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">round_style</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        These are the rounder classes provided by the library (only the specific
+        parts are shown, see the general policy form above)
+      </p>
+<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/note.png"></td>
+<th align="left">Note</th>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
+          These classes are not intended to be general purpose rounding functions
+          but specific policies for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>. This is why they are not function
+          objects.
+        </p></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">Trunc</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">source_type</span> <span class="identifier">nearbyint</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">floor</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+            <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ceil</span>  <span class="special">;</span>
+
+            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">&gt;=</span> <span class="keyword">static_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">?</span> <span class="identifier">floor</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">ceil</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">float_round_style</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">round_toward_zero</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">round_style</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">RoundEven</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">source_type</span> <span class="identifier">nearbyint</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">impl</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">defined</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">float_round_style</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">round_to_nearest</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">round_style</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">Ceil</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">source_type</span> <span class="identifier">nearbyint</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ceil</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">ceil</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">float_round_style</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">round_toward_infinity</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">round_style</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">Floor</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">source_type</span> <span class="identifier">nearbyint</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">floor</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">floor</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">float_round_style</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">round_toward_neg_infinity</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">round_style</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace numeric, namespace boost
+</span></pre>
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_float2introunder.math_functions_used_by_the_rounder_policies"></a><h5>
+<a name="id2634042"></a>
+        <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_float2introunder.math_functions_used_by_the_rounder_policies">Math
+        Functions used by the rounder policies</a>
+      </h5>
+<p>
+        The rounder policies supplied by this header use math functions <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">floor</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+        and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ceil</span><span class="special">()</span></code>.
+        The standard versions of these functions are introduced in context by a using
+        directive, so in normal conditions, the standard functions will be used.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        However, if there are other visible corresponding overloads an ambiguity
+        could arise. In this case, the user can supply her own rounder policy which
+        could, for instance, use a fully qualified call.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        This technique allows the default rounder policies to be used directly with
+        user defined types. The user only requires that suitable overloads of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">floor</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+        and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ceil</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+        be visible. See also <a href="../index.html#numeric_conversion_requirements">User
+        Defined Numeric Types</a> support.
+      </p>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_policy_raw_converter"></a><p>
+    </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_rawconverter"></a><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_rawconverter" title="Policy
+      RawConverter">Policy
+      RawConverter</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        This <span class="emphasis"><em>stateless</em></span> template policy class is used to perform
+        the actual conversion from Source to Target. It supplies the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">low_level_convert</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+        static member function exposed by the converter, which means that it publicly
+        inherits from this policy.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The policy must have the following interface:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">YourRawConverterPolicy</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">result_type</span>   <span class="identifier">result_type</span>   <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="identifier">low_level_convert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">impl</span> <span class="identifier">defined</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        This policy is mostly provided as a hook for user defined types which don't
+        support <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        conversions to some types
+      </p>
+<p>
+        This is the only raw converter policy class provided by the library:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">numeric</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+
+    <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">raw_numeric_converter</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">result_type</span>   <span class="identifier">result_type</span>   <span class="special">;</span>
+        <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+        <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="identifier">low_level_convert</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+        <span class="special">{</span>
+            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">static_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">result_type</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span> 
+        <span class="special">}</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker"></a><p>
+    </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_userrangechecker"></a><a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_userrangechecker" title="Policy
+      UserRangeChecker">Policy
+      UserRangeChecker</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        This <span class="emphasis"><em>stateless</em></span> template policy class is used <span class="underline">only if supplied</span> to <span class="bold"><strong>override</strong></span>
+        the internal range checking logic.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        It supplies the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">validate_range</span><span class="special">()</span></code> static member function exposed by the converter,
+        which means that it publicly inherits from this policy.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The policy must have the following interface:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">YourRangeCheckerPolicy</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="comment">// Determines if the value 's' fits in the range of the Target type.
+</span>    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">range_check_result</span> <span class="identifier">out_of_range</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+    <span class="comment">// Checks whether the value 's' is out_of_range()
+</span>    <span class="comment">// and passes the result of the check to the OverflowHandler policy.
+</span>    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">validate_range</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">argument_type</span> <span class="identifier">s</span> <span class="special">)</span>
+    <span class="special">{</span>
+        <span class="identifier">OverflowHandler</span><span class="special">()(</span> <span class="identifier">out_of_range</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        This policy is <span class="bold"><strong>only</strong></span> provided as a hook for
+        user defined types which require range checking (which is disabled by default
+        when a UDT is involved). The library provides a class: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">UseInternalRangeChecker</span><span class="special">{}</span></code>; which is a <span class="emphasis"><em>fake</em></span>
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">RangeChecker</span></code> policy used
+        to signal the converter to use its internal range checking implementation.
+      </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="conversion_traits___traits_class.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="improved_numeric_cast__.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>Type
+    Requirements and User-defined-types support</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="prev" href="converter___function_object.html" title="converter&lt;&gt;
+    function object">
+<link rel="next" href="bounds___traits_class.html" title="bounds&lt;&gt;
+    traits class">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="converter___function_object.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="bounds___traits_class.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support"></a><a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html" title="Type
+    Requirements and User-defined-types support">Type
+    Requirements and User-defined-types support</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.type_requirements">Type
+      Requirements</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.udt_s_special_semantics">UDT's
+      special semantics</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.special_policies">Special
+      Policies</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.type_requirements"></a><a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.type_requirements" title="Type
+      Requirements">Type
+      Requirements</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        Both arithmetic (built-in) and user-defined numeric types require proper
+        specialization of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        (that is, with (in-class) integral constants).
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The library uses <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">is_specialized</span></code> to detect whether the type
+        is builtin or user defined, and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">is_integer</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">is_signed</span></code> to detect whether the type is
+        integer or floating point; and whether it is signed/unsigned.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The default <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Float2IntRounder</span></code>
+        policies uses unqualified calls to functions <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">floor</span><span class="special">()</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ceil</span><span class="special">()</span></code>; but the standard functions are introduced
+        in scope by a using directive:
+      </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">floor</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">floor</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">);</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+        Therefore, for builtin arithmetic types, the std functions will be used.
+        User defined types should provide overloaded versions of these functions
+        in order to use the default rounder policies. If these overloads are defined
+        within a user namespace argument dependent lookup (ADL) should find them,
+        but if your compiler has a weak ADL you might need to put these functions
+        some place else or write your own rounder policy.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The default <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Trunc</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        rounder policy needs to determine if the source value is positive or not,
+        and for this it evaluates the expression <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">s</span>
+        <span class="special">&lt;</span> <span class="keyword">static_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">S</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span></code>. Therefore,
+        user defined types require a visible <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">&lt;</span></code> in order to use the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Trunc</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> policy (the default).
+      </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.udt_s_special_semantics"></a><a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.udt_s_special_semantics" title="UDT's
+      special semantics">UDT's
+      special semantics</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.udt_s_special_semantics.conversion_traits"></a><h5>
+<a name="id2625386"></a>
+        <a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.udt_s_special_semantics.conversion_traits">Conversion
+        Traits</a>
+      </h5>
+<p>
+        If a User Defined Type is involved in a conversion, it is <span class="emphasis"><em>assumed</em></span>
+        that the UDT has <a href="definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_range">wider
+        range</a> than any built-in type, and consequently the values of some
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">converter_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        members are hardwired regardless of the reality. The following table summarizes
+        this:
+      </p>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
+<li>
+<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Target</span><span class="special">=</span></code><span class="emphasis"><em>UDT</em></span>
+          and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Source</span><span class="special">=</span></code><span class="emphasis"><em>built-in</em></span><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle">
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">subranged</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="keyword">false</span></code></li>
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">supertype</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">Target</span></code></li>
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">subtype</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">Source</span></code></li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Target</span><span class="special">=</span></code><span class="emphasis"><em>built-in</em></span>
+          and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Source</span><span class="special">=</span></code><span class="emphasis"><em>UDT</em></span><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle">
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">subranged</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="keyword">true</span></code></li>
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">supertype</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">Source</span></code></li>
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">subtype</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">Target</span></code></li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Target</span><span class="special">=</span></code><span class="emphasis"><em>UDT</em></span>
+          and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Source</span><span class="special">=</span></code><span class="emphasis"><em>UDT</em></span><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle">
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">subranged</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="keyword">false</span></code></li>
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">supertype</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">Target</span></code></li>
+<li><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">subtype</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">Source</span></code></li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+<p>
+        The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Traits</span></code> member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">udt_mixture</span></code> can be used to detect whether
+        a UDT is involved and to infer the validity of the other members as shown
+        above.
+      </p>
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.udt_s_special_semantics.range_checking"></a><h5>
+<a name="id2625806"></a>
+        <a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.udt_s_special_semantics.range_checking">Range
+        Checking</a>
+      </h5>
+<p>
+        Because User Defined Numeric Types might have peculiar ranges (such as an
+        unbounded range), this library does not attempt to supply a meaningful range
+        checking logic when UDTs are involved in a conversion. Therefore, if either
+        Target or Source are not built-in types, the bundled range checking of the
+        <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        function object is automatically disabled. However, it is possible to supply
+        a user-defined range-checker. See <a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#numeric_conversion_requirements_hooks">Special
+        Policies</a>
+      </p>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_requirements_hooks"></a><p>
+    </p>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.special_policies"></a><a href="type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.special_policies" title="Special
+      Policies">Special
+      Policies</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<p>
+        There are two components of the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> class that might require special
+        behavior if User Defined Numeric Types are involved: the Range Checking and
+        the Raw Conversion.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        When both Target and Source are built-in types, the converter class uses
+        an internal range checking logic which is optimized and customized for the
+        combined properties of the types.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        However, this internal logic is disabled when either type is User Defined.
+        In this case, the user can specify an <span class="emphasis"><em>external</em></span> range
+        checking policy which will be used in place of the internal code. See <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker">UserRangeChecker</a>
+        policy for details.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        The converter class performs the actual conversion using a Raw Converter
+        policy. The default raw converter simply performs a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Target</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">source</span><span class="special">)</span></code>.
+      </p>
+<p>
+        However, if the a UDT is involved, the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">static_cast</span></code>
+        might not work. In this case, the user can implement and pass a different
+        raw converter policy. See <a href="numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_raw_converter">RawConverter</a>
+        policy for details
+      </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="converter___function_object.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="bounds___traits_class.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+/*=============================================================================
+    Copyright (c) 2004 Joel de Guzman
+    http://spirit.sourceforge.net/
+
+    Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+    License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+=============================================================================*/
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Body defaults
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    body 
+    {
+        margin: 1em;
+        font-family: sans-serif;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Paragraphs
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    p 
+    {
+        text-align: left;
+        font-size: 10pt; 
+        line-height: 1.15;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Program listings
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    /* Code on paragraphs */
+    p tt.computeroutput
+    {
+        font-size: 10pt;
+    }
+
+    pre.synopsis
+    {
+        font-size: 10pt;
+        margin: 1pc 4% 0pc 4%;
+        padding: 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc;
+    }
+
+    .programlisting, 
+    .screen
+    {
+        font-size: 10pt;
+        display: block;
+        margin: 1pc 4% 0pc 4%;
+        padding: 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc;
+    }
+
+    /* Program listings in tables don't get borders */
+    td .programlisting,
+    td .screen
+    {
+        margin: 0pc 0pc 0pc 0pc;
+        padding:  0pc 0pc 0pc 0pc;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Headings
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 
+    { 
+        text-align: left;
+        margin: 1em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+        font-weight: bold;
+    }
+
+    h1 { font: 140% }
+    h2 { font: bold 140% }
+    h3 { font: bold 130% }
+    h4 { font: bold 120% }
+    h5 { font: italic 110% }
+    h6 { font: italic 100% }
+
+    /* Top page titles */
+    title, 
+    h1.title, 
+    h2.title
+    h3.title, 
+    h4.title, 
+    h5.title, 
+    h6.title, 
+    .refentrytitle
+    {
+        font-weight: bold;
+        margin-bottom: 1pc;
+    }
+
+    h1.title { font-size: 140% }
+    h2.title { font-size: 140% }
+    h3.title { font-size: 130% }
+    h4.title { font-size: 120% }
+    h5.title { font-size: 110% }
+    h6.title { font-size: 100% }
+
+    .section h1 
+    {
+        margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+        font-size: 140%;
+    }
+
+    .section h2 { font-size: 140% }
+    .section h3 { font-size: 130% }
+    .section h4 { font-size: 120% }
+    .section h5 { font-size: 110% }
+    .section h6 { font-size: 100% }
+
+    /* Code on titles */
+    h1 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 140% }
+    h2 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 140% }
+    h3 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 130% }
+    h4 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 120% }
+    h5 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 110% }
+    h6 tt.computeroutput { font-size: 100% }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Author
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    h3.author 
+    { 
+        font-size: 100% 
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Lists
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    li
+    {
+        font-size: 10pt;
+        line-height: 1.3;
+    }
+
+    /* Unordered lists */
+    ul 
+    {
+        text-align: left;
+    }
+
+    /* Ordered lists */
+    ol 
+    {
+        text-align: left;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Links
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    a
+    {
+        text-decoration: none; /* no underline */
+    }
+
+    a:hover
+    {
+        text-decoration: underline;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Spirit style navigation
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    .spirit-nav
+    {
+        text-align: right;
+    }
+
+    .spirit-nav a
+    {
+        color: white;
+        padding-left: 0.5em;
+    }
+
+    .spirit-nav img
+    {
+        border-width: 0px;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Table of contents
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    .toc
+    {
+       margin: 1pc 4% 0pc 4%;
+       padding: 0.1pc 1pc 0.1pc 1pc;
+       font-size: 10pt;
+       line-height: 1.15;
+    }
+
+    .toc-main
+    {
+       text-align: center;
+       margin: 3pc 16% 3pc 16%;
+       padding: 3pc 1pc 3pc 1pc;
+       line-height: 0.1;
+    }
+
+    .boost-toc
+    {
+       float: right;
+       padding: 0.5pc;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Tables
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    .table-title, 
+    div.table p.title
+    {
+        margin-left: 4%;
+        padding-right: 0.5em; 
+        padding-left: 0.5em;
+    }
+
+    .informaltable table, 
+    .table table
+    {
+        width: 92%;
+        margin-left: 4%;
+        margin-right: 4%;
+    }
+
+    div.informaltable table, 
+    div.table table
+    {
+        padding: 4px;
+    }
+
+    /* Table Cells */
+    div.informaltable table tr td, 
+    div.table table tr td
+    {
+        padding: 0.5em;
+        text-align: left;
+    }
+
+    div.informaltable table tr th, 
+    div.table table tr th
+    {
+        padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em;
+        border: 1pt solid white;
+        font-size: 120%;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Blurbs
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    div.note,
+    div.tip,
+    div.important,
+    div.caution,
+    div.warning,
+    div.sidebar
+    {
+        font-size: 10pt;
+        line-height: 1.2;
+        display: block;
+        margin: 1pc 4% 0pc 4%;
+        padding: 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc 0.5pc;
+    }
+
+    div.sidebar img
+    {
+        padding: 1pt;
+    }
+
+
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Callouts
+=============================================================================*/
+    .line_callout_bug img
+    {
+        float: left;
+        position:relative;
+        left: 4px;
+        top: -12px;
+        clear: left;
+        margin-left:-22px;
+    }
+
+    .callout_bug img
+    {
+    }
+
+
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Variable Lists
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    /* Make the terms in definition lists bold */
+    div.variablelist dl dt,
+    span.term
+    {
+        font-weight: bold;
+        font-size: 10pt;
+    }
+
+    div.variablelist table tbody tr td
+    {
+        text-align: left;
+        vertical-align: top;
+        padding: 0em 2em 0em 0em;
+        font-size: 10pt;
+        margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+        line-height: 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Make the terms in definition lists bold */
+    div.variablelist dl dt
+    {
+        margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+    }
+
+    div.variablelist dl dd
+    {
+        margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 2em;
+        font-size: 10pt;
+    }
+
+    div.variablelist table tbody tr td p
+    div.variablelist dl dd p
+    {
+        margin: 0em 0em 0.5em 0em;
+        line-height: 1;
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Misc
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    /* Title of books and articles in bibliographies */
+    span.title
+    {
+        font-style: italic;
+    }
+
+    span.underline
+    {
+        text-decoration: underline;
+    }
+
+    span.strikethrough
+    {
+        text-decoration: line-through;
+    }
+
+    /* Copyright, Legal Notice */
+    div div.legalnotice p
+    {
+        text-align: left
+    }
+
+/*=============================================================================
+    Colors
+=============================================================================*/
+
+    @media screen
+    {
+        /* Links */
+        a
+        {
+            color: #0C7445;
+        }
+
+        a:visited
+        {
+            color: #663974;
+        }
+
+        h1 a, h2 a, h3 a, h4 a, h5 a, h6 a,
+        h1 a:hover, h2 a:hover, h3 a:hover, h4 a:hover, h5 a:hover, h6 a:hover,
+        h1 a:visited, h2 a:visited, h3 a:visited, h4 a:visited, h5 a:visited, h6 a:visited
+        {
+            text-decoration: none; /* no underline */
+            color: #000000;
+        }
+
+        /* Syntax Highlighting */
+        .keyword        { color: #0000AA; }
+        .identifier     { color: #000000; }
+        .special        { color: #707070; }
+        .preprocessor   { color: #402080; }
+        .char           { color: teal; }
+        .comment        { color: #800000; }
+        .string         { color: teal; }
+        .number         { color: teal; }
+        .white_bkd      { background-color: #E8FBE9; }
+        .dk_grey_bkd    { background-color: #A0DAAC; }
+
+        /* Copyright, Legal Notice */
+        .copyright
+        { 
+            color: #666666; 
+            font-size: small; 
+        }
+
+        div div.legalnotice p
+        {
+            color: #666666;
+        }
+
+        /* Program listing */
+        pre.synopsis
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            border-bottom: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-right: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        .programlisting, 
+        .screen
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            border-bottom: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-right: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        td .programlisting,
+        td .screen
+        {
+            border: 0px solid #DCDCDC;
+        }
+
+        /* Blurbs */
+        div.note,
+        div.tip,
+        div.important,
+        div.caution,
+        div.warning,
+        div.sidebar
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            border-bottom: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-right: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        /* Table of contents */
+        .toc
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            border-bottom: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-right: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        /* Table of contents */
+        .toc-main
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            border-bottom: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-right: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+
+        /* Tables */
+        div.informaltable table tr td, 
+        div.table table tr td
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        div.informaltable table tr th, 
+        div.table table tr th
+        {
+            background-color: #E3F9E4;
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+        }
+
+        /* Misc */
+        span.highlight
+        {
+            color: #00A000;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @media print
+    {
+        /* Links */
+        a
+        {
+            color: black;
+        }
+
+        a:visited
+        {
+            color: black;
+        }
+
+        .spirit-nav
+        {
+            display: none;
+        }
+
+        /* Program listing */
+        pre.synopsis
+        {
+            border: 1px solid gray;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        .programlisting, 
+        .screen
+        {
+            border: 1px solid gray;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        td .programlisting,
+        td .screen
+        {
+            border: 0px solid #DCDCDC;
+        }
+
+        /* Table of contents */
+        .toc
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            border-bottom: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-right: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        /* Table of contents */
+        .toc-main
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            border-bottom: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-right: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        .informaltable table, 
+        .table table
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            border-bottom: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-right: 3px solid #9D9D9D;
+            border-collapse: collapse;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        /* Tables */
+        div.informaltable table tr td, 
+        div.table table tr td
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        div.informaltable table tr th, 
+        div.table table tr th
+        {
+            border: 1px solid #DCDCDC;
+            background-color: #FAFFFB;
+        }
+
+        /* Misc */
+        span.highlight
+        {
+            font-weight: bold;
+        }
+    }
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="next" href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html" title="Definitions">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav"><a accesskey="n" href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a></div>
+<div class="chapter" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div>
+<div><h2 class="title">
+<a name="numeric_conversion"></a>Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion</h2></div>
+<div><div class="author"><h3 class="author">
+<span class="firstname">Fernando Luis</span> <span class="surname">Cacciola Carballal</span>
+</h3></div></div>
+<div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal</p></div>
+<div><div class="legalnotice">
+<a name="id2604942"></a><p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></div>
+</div></div>
+<div class="toc">
+<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
+<dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="index.html#numeric_conversion.overview">Overview</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html">Definitions</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#boost_numericconversion.definitions.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#boost_numericconversion.definitions.types_and_values">Types
+      and Values</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#boost_numericconversion.definitions.c___arithmetic_types">C++
+      Arithmetic Types</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#boost_numericconversion.definitions.numeric_types">Numeric
+      Types</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#boost_numericconversion.definitions.range_and_precision">Range
+      and Precision</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#boost_numericconversion.definitions.exact__correctly_rounded_and_out_of_range_representations">Exact,
+      Correctly Rounded and Out-Of-Range Representations</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#boost_numericconversion.definitions.standard__numeric__conversions">Standard
+      (numeric) Conversions</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#boost_numericconversion.definitions.subranged_conversion_direction__subtype_and_supertype">Subranged
+      Conversion Direction, Subtype and Supertype</a></span></dt>
+</dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/converter___function_object.html">converter&lt;&gt;
+    function object</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.template_parameters">Template
+      parameters</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.member_functions">Member
+      functions</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.range_checking_logic">Range
+      Checking Logic</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/converter___function_object.html#boost_numericconversion.converter___function_object.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+</dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html">Type
+    Requirements and User-defined-types support</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.type_requirements">Type
+      Requirements</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.udt_s_special_semantics">UDT's
+      special semantics</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.html#boost_numericconversion.type_requirements_and_user_defined_types_support.special_policies">Special
+      Policies</a></span></dt>
+</dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/bounds___traits_class.html">bounds&lt;&gt;
+    traits class</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.traits_class_bounds_n_">traits
+      class bounds&lt;N&gt;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/bounds___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.bounds___traits_class.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+</dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/conversion_traits___traits_class.html">conversion_traits&lt;&gt;
+    traits class</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.types">Types</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/conversion_traits___traits_class.html#boost_numericconversion.conversion_traits___traits_class.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+</dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html">Numeric
+    Converter Policy Classes</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.enum_range_check_result">enum
+      range_check_result</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_overflowhandler">Policy
+      OverflowHandler</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_float2introunder">Policy
+      Float2IntRounder</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_rawconverter">Policy
+      RawConverter</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#boost_numericconversion.numeric_converter_policy_classes.policy_userrangechecker">Policy
+      UserRangeChecker</a></span></dt>
+</dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/improved_numeric_cast__.html">Improved
+    numeric_cast&lt;&gt;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.numeric_cast">numeric_cast</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_numericconversion/improved_numeric_cast__.html#boost_numericconversion.improved_numeric_cast__.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+</dl></dd>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="numeric_conversion/history_and_acknowledgments.html">History
+    and Acknowledgments</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="numeric_conversion/bibliography.html">Bibliography</a></span></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="numeric_conversion.overview"></a><a href="index.html#numeric_conversion.overview" title="Overview">Overview</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<p>
+      The Boost Numeric Conversion library is a collection of tools to describe and
+      perform conversions between values of different <a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types">numeric
+      types</a>.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      The library includes a special alternative for a subset of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>, the <a href="index.html#numeric_conversion_bounds">bounds&lt;&gt;</a>
+      traits class, which provides a consistent way to obtain the <a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_range">boundary</a>
+      values for the <a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_range">range</a>
+      of a numeric type.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      It also includes a set of <a href="index.html#numeric_conversion_traits">trait classes</a>
+      which describes the compile-time properties of a conversion from a source to
+      a target numeric type. Both <a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#numeric_conversion_cpp_arithmetic_types">arithmetic</a>
+      and <a href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html#numeric_conversion_definitions_numeric_types">user-defined
+      numeric types</a> can be used.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      A policy-based <a href="index.html#numeric_conversion_converter">converter</a>
+      object which uses <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">conversion_traits</span></code>
+      to select an optimized implementation is supplied. Such implementation uses
+      an optimal range checking code suitable for the source/target combination.
+    </p>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
+<li>
+        The converter's out-of-range behavior can be customized via an <a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_overflow_handler">OverflowHandler</a>
+        policy.
+      </li>
+<li>
+        For floating-point to integral conversions, the rounding mode can be selected
+        via the <a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_float_to_int_rounder">Float2IntRounder</a>
+        policy.
+      </li>
+<li>
+        A custom low-level conversion routine (for UDTs for instance) can be passed
+        via a <a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_raw_converter">RawConverter</a>
+        policy.
+      </li>
+<li>
+        The optimized automatic range-checking logic can be overridden via a <a href="boost_numericconversion/numeric_converter_policy_classes.html#numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker">UserRangeChecker</a>
+        policy.
+      </li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_converter"></a><p>
+  </p>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_requirements"></a><p>
+  </p>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_bounds"></a><p>
+  </p>
+<a name="numeric_conversion_traits"></a><p>
+  </p>
+<a name="numeric_coversion_converter_policies"></a><p>
+  </p>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"><p><small>Last revised: February 12, 2008 at 22:56:38 GMT</small></p></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"></div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav"><a accesskey="n" href="boost_numericconversion/definitions.html"><img src="../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a></div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>Bibliography</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="prev" href="history_and_acknowledgments.html" title="History
+    and Acknowledgments">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="history_and_acknowledgments.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="numeric_conversion.bibliography"></a><a href="bibliography.html" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
+<li>
+        Standard Documents:
+        <div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1">
+<li>
+            ISO/IEC 14882:98 (C++98 Standard)
+          </li>
+<li>
+            ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (C99 Standard)
+          </li>
+<li>
+            ISO/IEC 10967-1 (Language Independent Arithmetic (LIA), Part I, 1994)
+          </li>
+<li>
+            ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 (Information Technology - Vocabulary - Part I: Fundamental
+            Terms)
+          </li>
+<li>
+            ANSI/IEEE 754-1985 [and IEC 60559:1989] (Binary floating-point)
+          </li>
+<li>
+            ANSI/IEEE 854-1988 (Radix Independent floating-point)
+          </li>
+<li>
+            ANSI X3/TR-1-82 (Dictionary for Information Processing Systems)
+          </li>
+<li>
+            ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14/N753 C9X Revision Proposal: LIA-1 Binding: Rationale
+          </li>
+</ol></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+        Papers:
+        <div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1">
+<li>
+            David Goldberg What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point
+            Arithmetic
+          </li>
+<li>
+            Prof. William Kahan papers on floating-point.
+          </li>
+</ol></div>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="history_and_acknowledgments.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>History
+    and Acknowledgments</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1">
+<link rel="start" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.NumericConversion">
+<link rel="prev" href="../boost_numericconversion/improved_numeric_cast__.html" title="Improved
+    numeric_cast&lt;&gt;">
+<link rel="next" href="bibliography.html" title="Bibliography">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.htm">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/people.htm">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/more/faq.htm">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="../boost_numericconversion/improved_numeric_cast__.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="bibliography.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+<div class="section" lang="en">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="numeric_conversion.history_and_acknowledgments"></a><a href="history_and_acknowledgments.html" title="History
+    and Acknowledgments">History
+    and Acknowledgments</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion.history_and_acknowledgments.pre_formal_review"></a><h4>
+<a name="id2636499"></a>
+      <a href="history_and_acknowledgments.html#numeric_conversion.history_and_acknowledgments.pre_formal_review">Pre-formal
+      review</a>
+    </h4>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
+<li>
+        Kevlin Henney, with help from David Abrahams and Beman Dawes, originally
+        contributed the previous version of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> which already presented the idea
+        of a runtime range check.
+      </li>
+<li>
+        Later, Eric Ford, Kevin Lynch and the author spotted some genericity problems
+        with that <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        which prevented it from being used in a generic layer of math functions.
+      </li>
+<li>
+        An improved <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> which properly handled all combinations
+        of arithmetic types was presented.
+      </li>
+<li>
+        David Abrahams and Beman Dawes acknowledged the need of an improved version
+        of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>
+        and supported the submission as originally laid out. Daryl Walker and Darin
+        Adler made some important comments and proposed fixes to the original submission.
+      </li>
+<li>
+        Special thanks go to Björn Karlsoon who helped the author considerably.
+        Having found the problems with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">numeric_cast</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> himself, he revised very carefully
+        the original submission and spot a subtle bug in the range checking implementation.
+        He also wrote part of this documentation and proof-read and corrected other
+        parts. And most importantly: the features now presented here in this library
+        evolved from the original submission as a result of the useful private communications
+        between Björn and the author.
+      </li>
+</ul></div>
+<a name="numeric_conversion.history_and_acknowledgments.post_formal_review"></a><h4>
+<a name="id2636651"></a>
+      <a href="history_and_acknowledgments.html#numeric_conversion.history_and_acknowledgments.post_formal_review">Post-formal
+      review</a>
+    </h4>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
+<li>
+        Guillaume Melquiond spoted some documentation and code issues, particularly
+        about rounding conversions.
+      </li>
+<li>
+        The following people contributed an important review of the design, documentation
+        and c ode: Kevin Lynch, Thorsten Ottosen, Paul Bristow, Daryle Walker, Jhon
+        Torjo, Eric Ford, Gennadiy Rozental.
+      </li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2004 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p>
+</div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav">
+<a accesskey="p" href="../boost_numericconversion/improved_numeric_cast__.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="bibliography.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-  <HEAD>
-	 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-	 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../boost.css">
-         <TITLE>Boost Numeric Conversion Library - Index</TITLE>
-  </HEAD>
-  <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">
-	 <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
-	  SUMMARY="header">
-		<TR>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top" WIDTH="300">
-			 <H3><A HREF="../../../../index.htm"><IMG HEIGHT="86" WIDTH="277"
-				ALT="C++ Boost" SRC="../../../../boost.png" BORDER="0"></A></H3> </TH>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top">
-			 <H1 ALIGN="center">Boost Numeric Conversion Library</H1> </TH>
-		</TR>
-	 </TABLE>
-         <HR>
-         <table border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
-         <tr>
-           <td width="50%" valign="top"><font size="4">This Document</font><br><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="#Overview">Overview</a><br>
-      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="#Ack">History and Acknowledgments</a><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="#Ref">Bibliography</a><br>
-           </td>
-           <td width="50%"><font size="4">Other Documents</font><br><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <A HREF="definitions.html">Definitions</A><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <A HREF="converter.html"><code>converter&lt;&gt;</code>  function object</A><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <A HREF="requirements.html">Type Requirements and User-defined-types support</A><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <A HREF="bounds.html"><code>bounds&lt;&gt;</code> traits class</A><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <A HREF="conversion_traits.html"><code>conversion_traits&lt;&gt;</code>  traits class</A><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <A HREF="converter_policies.html">Numeric Converter Policy Classes</A><br>
-              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <A HREF="numeric_cast.html">Improved numeric_cast&lt;&gt;</A><br>
-           </td>
-         </tr>
-         </table>
-
-<hr>
-<H2><A NAME="Overview"></A>Overview</H2>
-<P>The Boost Numeric Conversion library is a collection of tools to describe and perform
-conversions between values of different <a href="definitions.html#numtypes">numeric types</a>.</p>
-<p>The library includes a special alternative for a subset of <code>std::numeric_limits&lt;&gt;</code>,
-the <A HREF="bounds.html"><code>bounds&lt;&gt;</code></A> traits class, which provides
-a consistent way to obtain the <a href="definitions.html#range">boundary</a> values for the
-<a href="definitions.html#range">range</a> of a numeric type.</p>
-<p>It also includes a set of <A HREF="conversion_traits.html">trait classes</A> which
-  describes the compile-time properties of a conversion from a source to a target
-  numeric type. Both <a href="definitions.html#stdtypes">arithmetic</a> and <a href="definitions.html#numtypes">user-defined
-  numeric types</a> can be used.</p>
-<p>A policy-based <A HREF="converter.html">converter</A> object which uses <code>conversion_traits</code>
-to select an optimized implementation is supplied.
-Such implementation uses an optimal range checking code suitable for the source/target combination.<br>
-  The converter's out-of-range behavior can be customized via an <A HREF="converter_policies.html#oh">OverflowHandler</A>
-  policy.<br>
-For floating-point to integral conversions, the rounding mode can be selected via
-the <A HREF="converter_policies.html#f2i">Float2IntRounder</A> policy.<br>
-  A custom low-level conversion routine (for UDTs for instance) can be passed
-  via a <A HREF="converter_policies.html#rawc">RawConverter</A> policy.<br>
-  The optimized automatic range-checking logic can be overridden via a <A HREF="converter_policies.html#rc">UserRangeChecker</A>
-  policy.</p>
-<hr>
-<H2><A NAME="Ack"></A>History and Acknowledgments</H2>
-<p>Pre-formal review:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>Kevlin Henney, with help from David Abrahams and Beman Dawes, originally contributed
-the previous version of numeric_cast&lt;&gt; which already presented the idea of a runtime range check.<br>
-    Later, Eric Ford, Kevin Lynch and the author spotted some genericity problems
-    with that numeric_cast&lt;&gt; which prevented it from being used in a generic
-    layer of math functions.<br>
-An improved numeric_cast&lt;&gt; which properly handled all combinations of arithmetic types was presented.<br>
-    David Abrahams and Beman Dawes acknowledged the need of an improved version
-    of numeric_cast&lt;&gt; and supported the submission as originally laid out.
-    Daryl Walker and Darin Adler made some important comments and proposed fixes
-    to the original submission.</p>
-  <p>Special thanks go to Björn Karlsoon who helped the author considerably. Having
-    found the problems with numeric_cast&lt;&gt; himself, he revised very carefully
-    the original submission and spot a subtle bug in the range checking implementation.
-    He also wrote part of this documentation and proof-read and corrected other
-    parts. And most importantly: the features now presented here in this library
-    evolved from the original submission as a result of the useful private communications
-    between Björn and the author.</p>
-</blockquote>
-<p>Post-formal review:</p>
-<p>Guillaume Melquiond spoted some documentation and code issues, particularly about rounding conversions.<br>
-The following people contributed an important review of the design, documentation and code: Kevin Lynch, Thorsten Ottosen, Paul Bristow,
-Daryle Walker, Jhon Torjo, Eric Ford, Gennadiy Rozental.
-</p>
-<hr>
-<H2><A NAME="Ref"></A>Bibliography</H2>
-<ul>
-  <li>Standard Documents:
-    <ol>
-<li>ISO/IEC 14882:98  (C++98 Standard)</li>
-<li>ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (C99 Standard)</li>
-<li>ISO/IEC 10967-1 (Language Independent Arithmetic (LIA), Part I, 1994)</li>
-<li>ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 (Information Technology - Vocabulary - Part I: Fundamental Terms)</li>
-<li>ANSI/IEEE 754-1985 [and IEC 60559:1989] (Binary floating-point)</li>
-<li>ANSI/IEEE 854-1988 (Radix Independent floating-point)</li>
-<li>ANSI X3/TR-1-82 (Dictionary for Information Processing Systems)</li>
-<li><a href="http://anubis.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC22/WG14/www/docs/n753.htm">ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14/N753</a> C9X Revision Proposal: LIA-1 Binding: Rationale</li>
-</ol>
-</li>
-<li>Papers:
-<ol>
-<li>David Goldberg <A href="http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/goldberg91what.html">
-    What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic</A></li>
-<li><A href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/">Prof. William Kahan</A> papers on floating-point.</li>
-</ol>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<HR>
-<P>Revised 23 June 2004</P>
-<p>© Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2004</p>
-<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
-</body>
-</HTML>
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-  <HEAD>
-         <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../boost.css">
-         <TITLE>Boost Numeric Conversion Library - numeric_cast</TITLE>
-  </HEAD>
-  <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000">
-	 <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
-	  SUMMARY="header">
-		<TR>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top" WIDTH="300">
-			 <H3><A HREF="../../../../index.htm"><IMG HEIGHT="86" WIDTH="277"
-				ALT="C++ Boost" SRC="../../../../boost.png" BORDER="0"></A></H3> </TH> 
-		  <TH VALIGN="top"> 
-			 <H1 ALIGN="center">Boost Numeric Conversion Library</H1> 
-			 <H1><A HREF="http://www.boost.org">Header </A><A
-				HREF="../../../../boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp">boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp</A></H1> </TH>
-		</TR>
-	 </TABLE><HR>
-	 <H2>Contents</H2>
-	 <UL>
-		<LI><A HREF="#introduction">Introduction</A></LI>
-		<LI><A HREF="#numeric_cast"><CODE>numeric_cast</CODE></A></LI>
-		<LI><A HREF="#examples">Examples</A></LI>
-	 </UL> <HR>
-	 <H2><A NAME="introduction">Introduction</A></H2>
-	 <P>The lack of preservation of range makes conversions between numeric
-		types error prone. This is true for both implicit conversions and explicit
-		conversions (through static_cast). <A HREF="#numeric_cast"> numeric_cast</A>
-		detects loss of range when a numeric type is converted, and throws an
-		exception if the range cannot be preserved.</P>
-	 <P>There are several situations where conversions are unsafe: </P>
-	 <UL>
-		<LI>Conversions from an integral type with a wider range than the target
-		  integral type.</LI>
-		<LI> Conversions from unsigned to signed (and vice versa) integral
-		  types.</LI>
-		<LI> Conversions from floating point types to integral types.</LI>
-	 </UL>
-	 <P>The C++ Standard does not specify the behavior when a numeric type is
-		assigned a value that cannot be represented by the type, except for unsigned
-		integral types [3.9.1.4], which must obey the laws of arithmetic modulo
-		2<SUP>n</SUP> (this implies that the result will be reduced modulo the number
-		that is one greater than the largest value that can be represented). The fact
-		that the behavior for overflow is undefined for all conversions (except the
-		aforementioned unsigned to unsigned) makes any code that may produce positive
-		or negative overflows exposed to portability issues.</P>
-	 <P>numeric_cast adheres to the rules for implicit conversions mandated by
-		the C++ Standard, such as truncating floating point types when converting to
-		integral types. The implementation must guarantee that for a conversion to a
-		type that can hold all possible values of the source type, there will be no
-		runtime overhead. <BR> <BR> </P> <HR>
-	 <H2><A NAME="numeric_cast"><CODE>numeric_cast</CODE></A></H2>
-	 <BLOCKQUOTE>
-		<PRE>template&lt;typename Target, typename Source&gt; inline
-typename boost::numeric::converter&lt;Traget,Source&gt;::result_type
-numeric_cast ( Source arg )
-{
-   return boost::numeric::converter&lt;Traget,Source&gt;::convert(arg);
-}
-</PRE> </BLOCKQUOTE>
-	 <P>numeric_cast returns the result of converting a value of type Source to a value of type
-		Target. If out-of-range is detected, an exception is thrown (see
-		<A HREF="#bad_numeric_cast">bad_numeric_cast</A>, <A
-		HREF="#positive_overflow">positive_overflow</A> and
-		<A HREF="#negative_overflow">negative_overflow</A>). <BR> <BR> </P> <HR>
-	 <H2><A NAME="examples">Examples</A></H2>
-	 <P>The following example performs some typical conversions between numeric
-		types: </P>
-	 <BLOCKQUOTE>
-		<PRE>#include &lt;boost/numeric_cast.hpp&gt;
-#include &lt;iostream&gt;
-
-int main()
-{
-   using boost::numeric_cast;
-   using boost::bad_numeric_cast;
-   using boost::positive_overflow;
-   using boost::negative_overflow;
-      try {
-      int i=42;
-      short s=numeric_cast&lt;short&gt;(i);
-   }
-   catch(negative_overflow&amp; e) {
-      std::cout &lt;&lt; e.what();
-   }
-   catch(positive_overflow&amp; e) {
-      std::cout &lt;&lt; e.what();
-   }
-
-   try {
-      float f=-42.1234;
-      // This will cause a boost::negative_underflow exception to be thrown
-      unsigned int i=numeric_cast&lt;unsigned int&gt;(f);
-
-      double d=f+numeric_cast&lt;double&gt;(i);
-
-      unsigned long l=std::numeric_limits&lt;unsigned long&gt;::max();
-      // This works, because unsigned integral types cannot cause overflow.
-      unsigned char c=numeric_cast&lt;unsigned char&gt;(l);
-
-      unsigned short us=std::numeric_limits&lt;unsigned short&gt;::max();
-      // This will cause an positive_overflow exception to be thrown
-      short s=numeric_cast&lt;short&gt;(us);
-
-   }
-   catch(bad_numeric_cast&amp; e) {
-      std::cout &lt;&lt; e.what();
-   }
-
-   return 0;
-}</PRE> </BLOCKQUOTE> <BR> <BR> <HR>
-<HR>
-<P>Back to <A HREF="index.html">Numeric Conversion library index</A></P>
-<HR>
-<P>Revised 23 June 2004</P>
-<p>© Copyright Boost 1999</p>
-<p>© Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 1999,2004</p>
-<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+[/
+    Boost.Optional
+
+    Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
+
+    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+]
+
+[section  Improved numeric_cast<>]
+
+[section Introduction]
+
+The lack of preservation of range makes conversions between numeric types
+error prone. This is true for both implicit conversions and explicit
+conversions (through `static_cast`).
+[link numeric_conversion_numeric_cast `numeric_cast`]
+detects loss of range when a numeric type is converted, and throws an
+exception if the range cannot be preserved.
+
+There are several situations where conversions are unsafe:
+
+* Conversions from an integral type with a wider range than the target integral type.
+* Conversions from unsigned to signed (and vice versa) integral types.
+* Conversions from floating point types to integral types.
+
+The C++ Standard does not specify the behavior when a numeric type is
+assigned a value that cannot be represented by the type, except for unsigned
+integral types \[3.9.1.4\], which must obey the laws of arithmetic modulo 2n
+(this implies that the result will be reduced modulo the number that is one
+greater than the largest value that can be represented). The fact that the
+behavior for overflow is undefined for all conversions (except the
+aforementioned unsigned to unsigned) makes any code that may produce
+positive or negative overflows exposed to portability issues.
+
+`numeric_cast` adheres to the rules for implicit conversions mandated by
+the C++ Standard, such as truncating floating point types when converting
+to integral types. The implementation must guarantee that for a conversion
+to a type that can hold all possible values of the source type, there will
+be no runtime overhead.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_numeric_cast]
+
+[section numeric_cast]
+
+    template<typename Target, typename Source> inline
+    typename boost::numeric::converter<Target,Source>::result_type
+    numeric_cast ( Source arg )
+    {
+        return boost::numeric::converter<Target,Source>::convert(arg);
+    }
+
+`numeric_cast` returns the result of converting a value of type Source
+to a value of type Target. If out-of-range is detected, an exception is
+thrown (see 
+[link numeric_conversion_bad_numeric_cast bad_numeric_cast],
+[link numeric_conversion_negative_overflow negative_overflow] and
+[link numeric_conversion_possitive_overflow positive_overflow]
+).
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Examples]
+
+The following example performs some typical conversions between numeric types:
+
+#include <boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+    int main()
+    {
+        using boost::numeric_cast;
+
+        using boost::numeric::bad_numeric_cast;
+        using boost::numeric::positive_overflow;
+        using boost::numeric::negative_overflow;
+
+        try
+        {
+            int i=42;
+            short s=numeric_cast<short>(i); // This conversion succeeds (is in range)
+        }
+        catch(negative_overflow& e) {
+            std::cout << e.what();
+        }
+        catch(positive_overflow& e) {
+            std::cout << e.what();
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            float f=-42.1234;
+
+            // This will cause a boost::numeric::negative_overflow exception to be thrown
+            unsigned int i=numeric_cast<unsigned int>(f);
+        }
+        catch(bad_numeric_cast& e) {
+            std::cout << e.what();
+        }
+
+        double d= f + numeric_cast<double>(123); // int -> double
+
+        unsigned long l=std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max();
+
+        try
+        {
+            // This will cause a boost::numeric::positive_overflow exception to be thrown
+            // NOTE: *operations* on unsigned integral types cannot cause overflow
+            // but *conversions* to a signed type ARE range checked by numeric_cast.
+
+            unsigned char c=numeric_cast<unsigned char>(l);
+        }
+        catch(positive_overflow& e) {
+            std::cout << e.what();
+        }
+
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-  <HEAD>
-	 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-	 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../boost.css">
-	 <TITLE>Boost Numeric Conversion Library - Type Requirements and User-defined-types support</TITLE>
-  </HEAD>
-  <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">
-	 <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%"
-	  SUMMARY="header">
-		<TR>
-		  <TH VALIGN="top" WIDTH="300">
-			 <H3><A HREF="../../../../index.htm"><IMG HEIGHT="86" WIDTH="277"
-				ALT="C++ Boost" SRC="../../../../boost.png" BORDER="0"></A></H3> </TH> 
-		  <TH VALIGN="top"> 
-			 <H1 ALIGN="center">Boost Numeric Conversion Library</H1>
-                         <H1 ALIGN="center">Type Requirements<br>and<br>User-defined-types support</H1>
-			 </TH>
-		</TR>
-	 </TABLE> <HR>
-	 <H2>Contents</H2>
-	 <DL CLASS="page-index">
-	     <DT><A HREF="#req">Type Requirements</A></DT>
-	     <DT><A HREF="#sem">UDT's special semantics</A></DT>
-	     <DT><A HREF="#hooks">Special Policies</A></DT>
-	 </DL>
-
-
-	 <HR>
-
-<H2><A NAME="req"></A>Type Requirements</H2>
-<P>Both arithmetic (built-in) and user-defined numeric types require proper specialization of
-<CODE>std::numeric_limits<></CODE> (that is, with (in-class) integral constants).<br>
-The library uses <CODE>std::numeric_limits&lt;T&gt;::is_specialized</CODE> to detect whether
-  the type is builtin or user defined, and <CODE>std::numeric_limits&lt;T&gt;::is_integer,
-  std::numeric_limits&lt;T&gt;::is_signed</CODE>
-  to detect whether the type is integer or floating point; and whether it is signed/unsigned.</P>
-<P>The default Float2IntRounder policies uses unqualified calls to functions <CODE>floor()
-  and ceil()</CODE>; but the standard functions are introduced in scope by a
-  using directive:</P>
-<PRE>using std::floor ; return floor(s); </PRE>
-<P>Therefore, for builtin arithmetic types, the std functions will be used.
-  User defined types should provide overloaded versions of these functions in
-  order to use the default rounder policies. If these overloads are defined within a user namespace
-  argument dependent lookup (ADL) should find them, but if your compiler has a weak ADL
-  you might need to put these functions some place else or write your own rounder policy.</P>
-<P>The default Trunc&lt;&gt; rounder policy needs to determine if the source value
-  is positive or not, and for this it evaluates the expression &quot;s &lt; static_cast&lt;S&gt;(0)&quot;.
-  Therefore, user defined types require a visible operator &lt; in order to use
-  the Trunc<> policy (the default).<br>
-</P>
-
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="sem"></A>UDT's special semantics</H2>
-
-<p><u>Conversion Traits</u></p>
-<p>If a User Defined Type is involved in a conversion, it is <i>assumed</i> that
-  the UDT has <a href="definitions.html#range">wider range</a> than any built-in
-  type, and consequently the values of some <code>converter_traits&lt;&gt;</code>
-  members are hardwired regardless of the reality. The following table summarizes
-  this:</p>
-
-<li>Target=UDT and Source=built-in
-  <blockquote><code>subranged=false</code><br>
-    <code>supertype=Target</code><br>
-    <code>subtype=Source</code></blockquote>
-  </li>
-
-  <li>Target=built-in and Source=UDT
-    <blockquote><code>subranged=true</code><br>
-    <code>supertype=Source</code><br>
-    <code>subtype=Target</code></blockquote>
-  </li>
-
-<li>Target=UDT and Source=UDT
-  <blockquote><code>subranged=false</code><br>
-    <code>supertype=Target</code><br>
-    <code>subtype=Source</code></blockquote>
-  </li>
-<p>The Traits member <code>udt_mixture</code> can be used to detect whether a
-  UDT is involved and to infer the validity of the other members as shown above.</p>
-<p><u>Range Checking</u></p>
-<p>Because User Defined Numeric Types might have peculiar ranges (such as an unbounded
-  range), this library does not attempt to supply a meaningful range checking
-  logic when UDTs are involved in a conversion. Therefore, if either Target or
-  Source are not built-in types, the bundled range checking of the <code>converter&lt;&gt;</code>
-  function object is automatically disabled. However, it is possible to supply
-  a user-defined range-checker. See <A HREF="#hooks">Special Policies</A></p>
-
-<HR>
-<H2><A NAME="hooks"></A>Special Policies</H2>
-<p>There are two components of the <code>converter&lt;&gt;</code> class that might
-  require special behavior if User Defined Numeric Types are involved: the Range
-  Checking and the Raw Conversion.</p>
-<p>When both Target and Source are built-in types, the converter class uses an
-  <i>internal</i> range checking logic which is optimized and customized for the
-  combined properties of the types.<br>
-  However, this internal logic is disabled when either type is User Defined. In
-  this case, the user can specify an <i>external</i> range checking policy which
-  will be used in place of the internal code.
-  See <a HREF="converter_policies.html#rc">UserRangeChecker</a> policy for details.</p>
-<p>The converter class performs the actual conversion using a Raw Converter policy.
-  The default raw converter simply performs a <code>&quot;static_cast&lt;Target&gt;(source)&quot;.</code><br>
-  However, if the a UDT is involved, the static_cast might not work. In this case,
-  the user can implement and pass a different raw converter policy.
-  See <a HREF="converter_policies.html#rawc">RawConverter</a> policy for details </p>
-<HR>
-<P>Back to <A HREF="index.html">Numeric Conversion library index</A></P>
-<HR>
-<P>Revised 23 June 2004</P>
-<p>© Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2004</p>
-<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+[/
+    Boost.Optional
+
+    Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
+
+    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_requirements]
+
+[section Type Requirements and User-defined-types support]
+
+[section Type Requirements]
+
+Both arithmetic (built-in) and user-defined numeric types require proper
+specialization of `std::numeric_limits<>` (that is, with (in-class) integral
+constants).
+
+The library uses `std::numeric_limits<T>::is_specialized` to detect whether
+the type is builtin or user defined, and `std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer`,
+`std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed` to detect whether the type is integer
+or floating point; and whether it is signed/unsigned.
+
+The default `Float2IntRounder` policies uses unqualified calls to functions
+`floor()` and `ceil()`; but the standard functions are introduced in scope
+by a using directive:
+
+    using std::floor ; return floor(s);
+
+Therefore, for builtin arithmetic types, the std functions will be used.
+User defined types should provide overloaded versions of these functions in
+order to use the default rounder policies. If these overloads are defined
+within a user namespace argument dependent lookup (ADL) should find them,
+but if your compiler has a weak ADL you might need to put these functions
+some place else or write your own rounder policy.
+
+The default `Trunc<>` rounder policy needs to determine if the source value
+is positive or not, and for this it evaluates the expression
+`s < static_cast<S>(0)`. Therefore, user defined types require a visible
+`operator<` in order to use the `Trunc<>` policy (the default).
+
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section UDT's special semantics]
+
+[heading Conversion Traits]
+
+If a User Defined Type is involved in a conversion, it is ['assumed] that
+the UDT has [link numeric_conversion_definitions_range wider range] 
+than any built-in type, and consequently the values
+of some `converter_traits<>` members are hardwired regardless of the reality.
+The following table summarizes this:
+
+* `Target=`['UDT] and `Source=`['built-in]
+    * `subranged=false`
+    * `supertype=Target`
+    * `subtype=Source`
+* `Target=`['built-in] and `Source=`['UDT]
+    * `subranged=true`
+    * `supertype=Source`
+    * `subtype=Target`
+
+* `Target=`['UDT] and `Source=`['UDT]
+    * `subranged=false`
+    * `supertype=Target`
+    * `subtype=Source`
+
+
+The `Traits` member `udt_mixture` can be used to detect whether a UDT is involved
+and to infer the validity of the other members as shown above.
+
+[heading Range Checking]
+
+Because User Defined Numeric Types might have peculiar ranges (such as an
+unbounded range), this library does not attempt to supply a meaningful range
+checking logic when UDTs are involved in a conversion. Therefore, if either
+Target or Source are not built-in types, the bundled range checking of the
+`converter<>` function object is automatically disabled. However, it is possible
+to supply a user-defined range-checker. See 
+[link numeric_conversion_requirements_hooks Special Policies]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[#numeric_conversion_requirements_hooks]
+
+[section Special Policies]
+
+There are two components of the `converter<>` class that might require special
+behavior if User Defined Numeric Types are involved: the Range Checking and the
+Raw Conversion.
+
+When both Target and Source are built-in types, the converter class uses an internal
+range checking logic which is optimized and customized for the combined properties
+of the types.
+
+However, this internal logic is disabled when either type is User Defined.
+In this case, the user can specify an ['external] range checking policy which will be
+used in place of the internal code. See 
+[link numeric_conversion_policy_user_range_checker UserRangeChecker] policy for details.
+
+The converter class performs the actual conversion using a Raw Converter policy.
+The default raw converter simply performs a `static_cast<Target>(source)`.
+
+However, if the a UDT is involved, the `static_cast` might not work. In this case,
+the user can implement and pass a different raw converter policy.
+See [link numeric_conversion_policy_raw_converter RawConverter] policy for details
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
+
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //  See library home page at http://www.boost.org/libs/numeric/conversion
 //
 // Contact the author at: fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
-// 
+//
 //
 //  Revision History
 //
@@ -20,28 +20,32 @@
 #ifndef BOOST_NUMERIC_CONVERSION_CAST_25OCT2001_HPP
 #define BOOST_NUMERIC_CONVERSION_CAST_25OCT2001_HPP

+#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
+
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1300) || BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x582))
+
+#  include<boost/numeric/conversion/detail/old_numeric_cast.hpp>
+
+#else
+
 #include <boost/type.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/conversion/converter.hpp>

-#ifndef BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET
-# if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_MSVC <= 1200 // 1200 = VC6
-#  define BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET , ::boost::type<Target>* = 0
-# else
-#  define BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET
-# endif
-#endif
-
 namespace boost
 {
  template<typename Target, typename Source>
  inline
-  typename boost::numeric::converter<Target,Source>::result_type
-    numeric_cast ( Source arg BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET )
+  Target numeric_cast ( Source arg )
  {
    typedef boost::numeric::converter<Target,Source> Converter ;
    return Converter::convert(arg);
  }

+  using numeric::bad_numeric_cast;
+
 } // namespace boost

 #endif
+
+
+#endif
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //  See library home page at http://www.boost.org/libs/numeric/conversion
 //
 // Contact the author at: fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
-// 
+//
 #ifndef BOOST_NUMERIC_CONVERSION_CONVERTER_POLICIES_FLC_12NOV2002_HPP
 #define BOOST_NUMERIC_CONVERSION_CONVERTER_POLICIES_FLC_12NOV2002_HPP

@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@

 #include <cmath> // for std::floor and std::ceil

+#include <functional>
+
 #include "boost/type_traits/is_arithmetic.hpp"

 #include "boost/mpl/if.hpp"
 #include "boost/mpl/integral_c.hpp"

-namespace boost { namespace numeric 
+namespace boost { namespace numeric
 {

 template<class S>
@@ -42,8 +44,10 @@ struct Trunc
  typedef mpl::integral_c< std::float_round_style, std::round_toward_zero> round_style ;
 } ;

+
+
 template<class S>
-struct RoundEven
+struct Floor
 {
  typedef S source_type ;

@@ -51,28 +55,14 @@ struct RoundEven

  static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
  {
-    // Algorithm contributed by Guillaume Melquiond
-    
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_STDC_NAMESPACE)
    using std::floor ;
-    using std::ceil  ;
-#endif    
+#endif

-    // only works inside the range not at the boundaries
-    S a = floor(s); 
-    S b = ceil(s);  
-    
-    S c = (s - a) - (b - s); // the "good" subtraction
-    
-    if ( c < static_cast<S>(0.0) ) 
-      return a;
-    else if ( c >  static_cast<S>(0.0) )
-      return b;
-    else 
-      return 2 * floor(b / static_cast<S>(2.0)); // needs to behave sanely
+    return floor(s) ;
  }

-  typedef mpl::integral_c< std::float_round_style, std::round_to_nearest> round_style ;
+  typedef mpl::integral_c< std::float_round_style, std::round_toward_neg_infinity> round_style ;
 } ;

 template<class S>
@@ -95,7 +85,7 @@ struct Ceil
 } ;

 template<class S>
-struct Floor
+struct RoundEven
 {
  typedef S source_type ;

@@ -103,22 +93,37 @@ struct Floor

  static source_type nearbyint ( argument_type s )
  {
+    // Algorithm contributed by Guillaume Melquiond
+
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_STDC_NAMESPACE)
    using std::floor ;
+    using std::ceil  ;
 #endif

-    return floor(s) ;
+    // only works inside the range not at the boundaries
+    S prev = floor(s);
+    S next = ceil(s);
+
+    S rt = (s - prev) - (next - s); // remainder type
+
+    S const zero(0.0);
+    S const two(2.0);
+
+    if ( rt < zero )
+      return prev;
+    else if ( rt > zero )
+      return next;
+    else
+    {
+      bool is_prev_even = two * floor(prev / two) == prev ;
+      return ( is_prev_even ? prev : next ) ;
+    }
  }

-  typedef mpl::integral_c< std::float_round_style, std::round_toward_neg_infinity> round_style ;
+  typedef mpl::integral_c< std::float_round_style, std::round_to_nearest> round_style ;
 } ;


-
-
-
-
-
 enum range_check_result
 {
  cInRange     = 0 ,
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ enum range_check_result
  cPosOverflow = 2
 } ;

-class bad_numeric_conversion : public std::bad_cast
+class bad_numeric_cast : public std::bad_cast
 {
  public:

@@ -134,14 +139,14 @@ class bad_numeric_conversion : public std::bad_cast
      {  return "bad numeric conversion: overflow"; }
 };

-class negative_overflow : public bad_numeric_conversion
+class negative_overflow : public bad_numeric_cast
 {
  public:

    virtual const char * what() const throw()
      {  return "bad numeric conversion: negative overflow"; }
 };
-class positive_overflow : public bad_numeric_conversion
+class positive_overflow : public bad_numeric_cast
 {
  public:

@@ -165,11 +170,6 @@ struct silent_overflow_handler
  void operator() ( range_check_result ) {} // throw()
 } ;

-
-
-
-
-
 template<class Traits>
 struct raw_converter
 {
@@ -184,4 +184,3 @@ struct UseInternalRangeChecker {} ;
 } } // namespace boost::numeric

 #endif
-
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //  See library home page at http://www.boost.org/libs/numeric/conversion
 //
 // Contact the author at: fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
-// 
+//
 #ifndef BOOST_NUMERIC_CONVERSION_DETAIL_CONVERTER_FLC_12NOV2002_HPP
 #define BOOST_NUMERIC_CONVERSION_DETAIL_CONVERTER_FLC_12NOV2002_HPP

@@ -230,12 +230,12 @@ namespace boost { namespace numeric { namespace convdetail
    struct combine
    {
      typedef applyBoth<PredA,PredB> Both ;
-      typedef void                   None ;
+      typedef void                   NNone ; // 'None' is defined as a macro in (/usr/X11R6/include/X11/X.h)

      typedef typename PredA::do_apply do_applyA ;
      typedef typename PredB::do_apply do_applyB ;

-      typedef typename for_both<do_applyA, do_applyB, Both, PredA, PredB, None>::type type ;
+      typedef typename for_both<do_applyA, do_applyB, Both, PredA, PredB, NNone>::type type ;
    } ;


@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ namespace boost { namespace numeric { namespace convdetail
  struct dummy_range_checker
  {
    typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
-    
+
    static range_check_result out_of_range ( argument_type ) { return cInRange ; }
    static void validate_range ( argument_type ) {}
  } ;
@@ -279,10 +279,10 @@ namespace boost { namespace numeric { namespace convdetail
  template<class Traits, class IsNegOverflow, class IsPosOverflow, class OverflowHandler>
  struct generic_range_checker
  {
-    typedef OverflowHandler overflow_handler ; 
+    typedef OverflowHandler overflow_handler ;

    typedef typename Traits::argument_type argument_type ;
-    
+
    static range_check_result out_of_range ( argument_type s )
    {
      typedef typename combine<IsNegOverflow,IsPosOverflow>::type Predicate ;
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+//  boost cast.hpp header file  ----------------------------------------------//
+
+//  (C) Copyright Kevlin Henney and Dave Abrahams 1999.
+//  Distributed under the Boost
+//  Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/conversion for Documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  23 JUN 05  Code extracted from /boost/cast.hpp into this new header.
+//             Keeps this legacy version of numeric_cast<> for old compilers
+//             wich can't compile the new version in /boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp
+//             (Fernando Cacciola)
+//  02 Apr 01  Removed BOOST_NO_LIMITS workarounds and included
+//             <boost/limits.hpp> instead (the workaround did not
+//             actually compile when BOOST_NO_LIMITS was defined in
+//             any case, so we loose nothing). (John Maddock)
+//  21 Jan 01  Undid a bug I introduced yesterday. numeric_cast<> never
+//             worked with stock GCC; trying to get it to do that broke
+//             vc-stlport.
+//  20 Jan 01  Moved BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS to config.hpp.
+//             Removed unused BOOST_EXPLICIT_TARGET macro. Moved
+//             boost::detail::type to boost/type.hpp. Made it compile with
+//             stock gcc again (Dave Abrahams)
+//  29 Nov 00  Remove nested namespace cast, cleanup spacing before Formal
+//             Review (Beman Dawes)
+//  19 Oct 00  Fix numeric_cast for floating-point types (Dave Abrahams)
+//  15 Jul 00  Suppress numeric_cast warnings for GCC, Borland and MSVC
+//             (Dave Abrahams)
+//  30 Jun 00  More MSVC6 wordarounds.  See comments below.  (Dave Abrahams)
+//  28 Jun 00  Removed implicit_cast<>.  See comment below. (Beman Dawes)
+//  27 Jun 00  More MSVC6 workarounds
+//  15 Jun 00  Add workarounds for MSVC6
+//   2 Feb 00  Remove bad_numeric_cast ";" syntax error (Doncho Angelov)
+//  26 Jan 00  Add missing throw() to bad_numeric_cast::what(0 (Adam Levar)
+//  29 Dec 99  Change using declarations so usages in other namespaces work
+//             correctly (Dave Abrahams)
+//  23 Sep 99  Change polymorphic_downcast assert to also detect M.I. errors
+//             as suggested Darin Adler and improved by Valentin Bonnard.
+//   2 Sep 99  Remove controversial asserts, simplify, rename.
+//  30 Aug 99  Move to cast.hpp, replace value_cast with numeric_cast,
+//             place in nested namespace.
+//   3 Aug 99  Initial version
+
+#ifndef BOOST_OLD_NUMERIC_CAST_HPP
+#define BOOST_OLD_NUMERIC_CAST_HPP
+
+# include <boost/config.hpp>
+# include <cassert>
+# include <typeinfo>
+# include <boost/type.hpp>
+# include <boost/limits.hpp>
+# include <boost/numeric/conversion/converter_policies.hpp>
+
+//  It has been demonstrated numerous times that MSVC 6.0 fails silently at link
+//  time if you use a template function which has template parameters that don't
+//  appear in the function's argument list.
+//
+//  TODO: Add this to config.hpp?
+//  FLC: This macro is repeated in boost/cast.hpp but only locally (is undefined at the bottom)
+//       so is OK to reproduce it here.
+# if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_MSVC < 1300
+#  define BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET , ::boost::type<Target>* = 0
+# else
+#  define BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET
+# endif
+
+namespace boost
+{
+  using numeric::bad_numeric_cast;
+
+//  LEGACY numeric_cast [only for some old broken compilers] --------------------------------------//
+
+//  Contributed by Kevlin Henney
+
+//  numeric_cast  ------------------------------------------------------------//
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS) || defined(BOOST_SGI_CPP_LIMITS)
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+      template <class T>
+      struct signed_numeric_limits : std::numeric_limits<T>
+      {
+             static inline T min BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION ()
+         {
+             return (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)() >= 0
+                     // unary minus causes integral promotion, thus the static_cast<>
+                     ? static_cast<T>(-(std::numeric_limits<T>::max)())
+                     : (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)();
+         };
+      };
+
+      // Move to namespace boost in utility.hpp?
+      template <class T, bool specialized>
+      struct fixed_numeric_limits_base
+          : public if_true< std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed >
+           ::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE then< signed_numeric_limits<T>,
+                            std::numeric_limits<T>
+                   >::type
+      {};
+
+      template <class T>
+      struct fixed_numeric_limits
+          : fixed_numeric_limits_base<T,(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_specialized)>
+      {};
+
+# ifdef BOOST_HAS_LONG_LONG
+      // cover implementations which supply no specialization for long
+      // long / unsigned long long. Not intended to be full
+      // numeric_limits replacements, but good enough for numeric_cast<>
+      template <>
+      struct fixed_numeric_limits_base< ::boost::long_long_type, false>
+      {
+          BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_specialized = true);
+          BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_signed = true);
+          static  ::boost::long_long_type max BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION ()
+          {
+#  ifdef LONGLONG_MAX
+              return LONGLONG_MAX;
+#  else
+              return 9223372036854775807LL; // hope this is portable
+#  endif
+          }
+
+          static  ::boost::long_long_type min BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION ()
+          {
+#  ifdef LONGLONG_MIN
+              return LONGLONG_MIN;
+#  else
+               return -( 9223372036854775807LL )-1; // hope this is portable
+#  endif
+          }
+      };
+
+      template <>
+      struct fixed_numeric_limits_base< ::boost::ulong_long_type, false>
+      {
+          BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_specialized = true);
+          BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_signed = false);
+          static  ::boost::ulong_long_type max BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION ()
+          {
+#  ifdef ULONGLONG_MAX
+              return ULONGLONG_MAX;
+#  else
+              return 0xffffffffffffffffULL; // hope this is portable
+#  endif
+          }
+
+          static  ::boost::ulong_long_type min BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION () { return 0; }
+      };
+# endif
+    } // namespace detail
+
+// less_than_type_min -
+  //    x_is_signed should be numeric_limits<X>::is_signed
+  //    y_is_signed should be numeric_limits<Y>::is_signed
+  //    y_min should be numeric_limits<Y>::min()
+  //
+  //    check(x, y_min) returns true iff x < y_min without invoking comparisons
+  //    between signed and unsigned values.
+  //
+  //    "poor man's partial specialization" is in use here.
+    template <bool x_is_signed, bool y_is_signed>
+    struct less_than_type_min
+    {
+        template <class X, class Y>
+        static bool check(X x, Y y_min)
+            { return x < y_min; }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct less_than_type_min<false, true>
+    {
+        template <class X, class Y>
+        static bool check(X, Y)
+            { return false; }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct less_than_type_min<true, false>
+    {
+        template <class X, class Y>
+        static bool check(X x, Y)
+            { return x < 0; }
+    };
+
+  // greater_than_type_max -
+  //    same_sign should be:
+  //            numeric_limits<X>::is_signed == numeric_limits<Y>::is_signed
+  //    y_max should be numeric_limits<Y>::max()
+  //
+  //    check(x, y_max) returns true iff x > y_max without invoking comparisons
+  //    between signed and unsigned values.
+  //
+  //    "poor man's partial specialization" is in use here.
+    template <bool same_sign, bool x_is_signed>
+    struct greater_than_type_max;
+
+    template<>
+    struct greater_than_type_max<true, true>
+    {
+        template <class X, class Y>
+        static inline bool check(X x, Y y_max)
+            { return x > y_max; }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct greater_than_type_max<false, true>
+    {
+        // What does the standard say about this? I think it's right, and it
+        // will work with every compiler I know of.
+        template <class X, class Y>
+        static inline bool check(X x, Y)
+            { return x >= 0 && static_cast<X>(static_cast<Y>(x)) != x; }
+
+# if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_MSVC < 1300
+        // MSVC6 can't static_cast  unsigned __int64 -> floating types
+#  define BOOST_UINT64_CAST(src_type)                                   \
+        static inline bool check(src_type x, unsigned __int64)          \
+        {                                                               \
+            if (x < 0) return false;                                    \
+            unsigned __int64 y = static_cast<unsigned __int64>(x);      \
+            bool odd = y & 0x1;                                         \
+            __int64 div2 = static_cast<__int64>(y >> 1);                \
+            return ((static_cast<src_type>(div2) * 2.0) + odd) != x;    \
+        }
+
+        BOOST_UINT64_CAST(long double);
+        BOOST_UINT64_CAST(double);
+        BOOST_UINT64_CAST(float);
+#  undef BOOST_UINT64_CAST
+# endif
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct greater_than_type_max<true, false>
+    {
+        template <class X, class Y>
+        static inline bool check(X x, Y y_max)
+            { return x > y_max; }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct greater_than_type_max<false, false>
+    {
+        // What does the standard say about this? I think it's right, and it
+        // will work with every compiler I know of.
+        template <class X, class Y>
+        static inline bool check(X x, Y)
+            { return static_cast<X>(static_cast<Y>(x)) != x; }
+    };
+
+#else // use #pragma hacks if available
+
+  namespace detail
+  {
+# if BOOST_MSVC
+#  pragma warning(push)
+#  pragma warning(disable : 4018)
+#  pragma warning(disable : 4146)
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#  pragma option push -w-8041
+# endif
+
+       // Move to namespace boost in utility.hpp?
+       template <class T>
+       struct fixed_numeric_limits : public std::numeric_limits<T>
+       {
+           static inline T min BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION ()
+           {
+               return std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed && (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)() >= 0
+                   ? T(-(std::numeric_limits<T>::max)()) : (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)();
+           }
+       };
+
+# if BOOST_MSVC
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#  pragma option pop
+# endif
+  } // namespace detail
+
+#endif
+
+    template<typename Target, typename Source>
+    inline Target numeric_cast(Source arg BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET)
+    {
+        // typedefs abbreviating respective trait classes
+        typedef detail::fixed_numeric_limits<Source> arg_traits;
+        typedef detail::fixed_numeric_limits<Target> result_traits;
+
+#if defined(BOOST_STRICT_CONFIG) \
+    || (!defined(__HP_aCC) || __HP_aCC > 33900) \
+         && (!defined(BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS) \
+             || defined(BOOST_SGI_CPP_LIMITS))
+        // typedefs that act as compile time assertions
+        // (to be replaced by boost compile time assertions
+        // as and when they become available and are stable)
+        typedef bool argument_must_be_numeric[arg_traits::is_specialized];
+        typedef bool result_must_be_numeric[result_traits::is_specialized];
+
+        const bool arg_is_signed = arg_traits::is_signed;
+        const bool result_is_signed = result_traits::is_signed;
+        const bool same_sign = arg_is_signed == result_is_signed;
+
+        if (less_than_type_min<arg_is_signed, result_is_signed>::check(arg, (result_traits::min)())
+            || greater_than_type_max<same_sign, arg_is_signed>::check(arg, (result_traits::max)())
+            )
+
+#else // We need to use #pragma hacks if available
+
+# if BOOST_MSVC
+#  pragma warning(push)
+#  pragma warning(disable : 4018)
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#pragma option push -w-8012
+# endif
+        if ((arg < 0 && !result_traits::is_signed)  // loss of negative range
+             || (arg_traits::is_signed && arg < (result_traits::min)())  // underflow
+             || arg > (result_traits::max)())            // overflow
+# if BOOST_MSVC
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#pragma option pop
+# endif
+#endif
+        {
+            throw bad_numeric_cast();
+        }
+        return static_cast<Target>(arg);
+    } // numeric_cast
+
+#  undef BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#endif  // BOOST_OLD_NUMERIC_CAST_HPP
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 <html>
 <head>
-<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=doc/index.html">
+<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=doc/html/index.html">
 </head>
 <body>
 Automatic redirection failed, please go to
-<a href="doc/index.html">doc/index.html</a>.
+<a href="doc/html/index.html">doc/index.html</a>.&nbsp;<hr>
+<p>� Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001</p>
+<p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying 
+file <a href="../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy 
+at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
 </body>
-</html>
+</html>
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-# Boost Numeric Conversion Library test Jamfile
-
-subproject libs/numeric/conversion/test ;
-
-# bring in rules for testing
-SEARCH on testing.jam = $(BOOST_BUILD_PATH) ;
-include testing.jam ;
-
-# Make tests run by default.
-DEPENDS all : test ;
-
-{
-  # look in BOOST_ROOT for sources first, just in this Jamfile
-  local SEARCH_SOURCE = $(BOOST_ROOT) $(SEARCH_SOURCE) ;
-
-  test-suite numeric/conversion :
-     [ run libs/numeric/conversion/test/bounds_test.cpp ]
-     [ run libs/numeric/conversion/test/traits_test.cpp ]
-     [ run libs/numeric/conversion/test/converter_test.cpp ]
-     [ run libs/numeric/conversion/test/udt_support_test.cpp ]
-     [ run libs/numeric/conversion/test/numeric_cast_test.cpp ]
-  ;
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Boost Numeric Conversion Library test Jamfile
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+#
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+# accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+# http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+  test-suite numeric/conversion :
+     [ run bounds_test.cpp ]
+     [ run traits_test.cpp ]
+     [ run converter_test.cpp ]
+     [ run udt_support_test.cpp ]
+     [ run numeric_cast_test.cpp ]
+     [ run udt_example_0.cpp ]
+  ;
+
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
+//  (c) Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal 2000-2004
 //  Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
 //  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 //  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //  See library home page at http://www.boost.org/libs/numeric/conversion
 //
 // Contact the author at: fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
-// 
+//
 #include<cstdlib>
 #include<iostream>
 #include<iomanip>
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ void test_conversions()
  boost::uint16_t uv16 ;
  boost::int32_t v32 ;
  boost::uint32_t uv32 ;
-  
+
  volatile float  fv ; // avoid this to be cached internally in some fpu register
  volatile double dv ; // avoid this to be cached internally in some fpu register

@@ -365,6 +365,35 @@ void test_round_style( MATCH_FNTPL_ARG(T), MATCH_FNTPL_ARG(S) )

 }

+void test_round_even( double n, double x )
+{
+  double r = boost::numeric::RoundEven<double>::nearbyint(n);
+  BOOST_CHECK( r == x ) ;
+}
+
+void test_round_even()
+{
+  cout << "Testing 'RoundEven' tie-breaking\n";
+
+  double min = boost::numeric::bounds<double>::lowest();
+  double max = boost::numeric::bounds<double>::highest();
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_STDC_NAMESPACE)
+  using std::floor ;
+  using std::ceil ;
+#endif
+  test_round_even(min, floor(min));
+  test_round_even(max, ceil (max));
+  test_round_even(2.0, 2.0);
+  test_round_even(2.3, 2.0);
+  test_round_even(2.5, 2.0);
+  test_round_even(2.7, 3.0);
+  test_round_even(3.0, 3.0);
+  test_round_even(3.3, 3.0);
+  test_round_even(3.5, 4.0);
+  test_round_even(3.7, 4.0);
+}
+
 int double_to_int ( double n ) { return static_cast<int>(n) ; }

 void test_converter_as_function_object()
@@ -405,7 +434,11 @@ void test_converter_as_function_object()
  BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(double_to_double_OK, "converter (double,double) as function object");
 }

-#define UNOPTIMIZED volatile
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(__IBMCPP__, <= 600 ) // VCAPP6
+#  define UNOPTIMIZED
+#else
+#  define UNOPTIMIZED volatile
+#endif

 void test_optimizations()
 {
@@ -518,7 +551,8 @@ int test_main( int, char* argv[] )

  test_conversions();
  test_overflow_handlers( SET_FNTPL_ARG(boost::int16_t), SET_FNTPL_ARG(boost::int32_t));
-  test_round_style (SET_FNTPL_ARG(boost::int32_t), SET_FNTPL_ARG(double) ) ;
+  test_round_style(SET_FNTPL_ARG(boost::int32_t), SET_FNTPL_ARG(double) ) ;
+  test_round_even() ;
  test_converter_as_function_object();
  test_optimizations() ;

@@ -63,32 +63,32 @@ int test_main( int argc, char * argv[] )

    bool caught_exception = false;
    try { c = numeric_cast<signed char>( large_value ); }
-    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_conversion )
+    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_cast )
        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #1\n"; caught_exception = true; }
    BOOST_CHECK ( caught_exception );

    caught_exception = false;
    try { c = numeric_cast<signed char>( large_negative_value ); }
-    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_conversion )
+    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_cast )
        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #2\n"; caught_exception = true; }
    BOOST_CHECK ( caught_exception );

    unsigned long ul;
    caught_exception = false;
    try { ul = numeric_cast<unsigned long>( large_negative_value ); }
-    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_conversion )
+    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_cast )
        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #3\n"; caught_exception = true; }
    BOOST_CHECK ( caught_exception );

    caught_exception = false;
    try { ul = numeric_cast<unsigned long>( small_negative_value ); }
-    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_conversion )
+    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_cast )
        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #4\n"; caught_exception = true; }
    BOOST_CHECK ( caught_exception );

    caught_exception = false;
    try { numeric_cast<int>( DBL_MAX ); }
-    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_conversion )
+    catch ( numeric::bad_numeric_cast )
        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #5\n"; caught_exception = true; }
    BOOST_CHECK ( caught_exception );

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
 // accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
 // accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
 // accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ struct ConversionInstance

  typedef typename Converter::traits traits ;
  typedef typename traits::target_type target_type ;
-  typedef typename traits::source_type source_type ; 
-  
+  typedef typename traits::source_type source_type ;
+
  ConversionInstance ( result_type a_result, argument_type a_source, PostCondition a_post)
    :
    source(a_source),
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void test_conv_base( Instance const& conv )
  typedef typename Instance::argument_type argument_type ;
  typedef typename Instance::result_type   result_type   ;
  typedef typename Instance::converter     converter ;
-  
+
  argument_type source = conv.source ;

  try
@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ void test_conv_base( Instance const& conv )
      BOOST_ERROR( conv.to_string() << printable(source) << ") = positive_overflow. Expected:" <<  printable(conv.result) ) ;
    }
  }
-  catch ( boost::numeric::bad_numeric_conversion const& )
+  catch ( boost::numeric::bad_numeric_cast const& )
  {
    if ( conv.post == c_overflow )
    {
-      BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE( true, conv.to_string() << printable(source) << ") = bad_numeric_conversion, as expected" ) ;
+      BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE( true, conv.to_string() << printable(source) << ") = bad_numeric_cast, as expected" ) ;
    }
    else
    {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
 // accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2005, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+//
+#include "boost/config.hpp"
+#include "boost/utility.hpp"
+#include "boost/limits.hpp"
+#include "boost/utility.hpp"
+
+#include<iostream>
+#include<iomanip>
+#include<string>
+#include<cmath>
+
+
+#include "boost/test/included/test_exec_monitor.hpp"
+
+#include "boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp"
+
+using namespace std ;
+using namespace boost;
+using namespace numeric;
+
+//
+// This example illustrates how to add support for user defined types (UDTs)
+// to the Boost Numeric Conversion Library.
+// It is assumed that you are familiar with the following documentation:
+//
+//
+
+//
+// The minimum requirement is that boost::is_arithmetic<UDT> evaluates to false
+// (Otherwise the converter code will try to examine the UDT as a built-in type)
+//
+
+//
+// Let's start with the simpliest case of an UDT which supports standard conversions
+//
+struct Double
+{
+  Double( double v ) : mV(v) {}
+
+  operator double() const { return mV ; }
+
+  double mV ;
+} ;
+
+double dv = (numeric_limits<double>::max)() ;
+double fv = (numeric_limits<float >::max)() ;
+Double Dv(dv);
+Double Fv(fv);
+
+void simplest_case()
+{
+  //
+  // conversion_traits<>::udt_builtin_mixture works out of the box as long as boost::is_arithmetic<UDT> yields false
+  //
+  BOOST_CHECK( (conversion_traits<double,Double>::udt_builtin_mixture::value == udt_to_builtin) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK( (conversion_traits<Double,double>::udt_builtin_mixture::value == builtin_to_udt) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK( (conversion_traits<Double,Double>::udt_builtin_mixture::value == udt_to_udt    ) ) ;
+
+  // BY DEFINITION, a conversion from UDT to Builtin is subranged. No attempt is made to actually compare ranges.
+  BOOST_CHECK( (conversion_traits<double,Double>::subranged::value) == true  ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK( (conversion_traits<Double,double>::subranged::value) == false ) ;
+
+
+
+  //
+  // Conversions to/from FLOATING types, if already supported by an UDT
+  // are also supported out-of-the-box by converter<> in its default configuration.
+  //
+  BOOST_CHECK( numeric_cast<double>(Dv) == static_cast<double>(Dv) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK( numeric_cast<Double>(dv) == static_cast<Double>(dv) ) ;
+
+  BOOST_CHECK( numeric_cast<float> (Dv) == static_cast<float> (Dv) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK( numeric_cast<Double>(fv) == static_cast<Double>(fv) ) ;
+
+
+  //
+  // Range checking is disabled by default if an UDT is either the source or target of the conversion.
+  //
+  BOOST_CHECK( (converter<float,double>::out_of_range(dv) == cPosOverflow) );
+  BOOST_CHECK( (converter<float,Double>::out_of_range(Dv) == cInRange) );
+
+}
+
+//
+// The conversion_traits<> class and therefore the converter<> class looks at
+// numeric_limits<UDT>::is_integer/is_signed to generate the proper float_in and sign mixtures.
+// In most implementations, is_integer/is_signed are both false for UDTs if there is no explicit specialization for it.
+// Therefore, the converter<> will see any UDT for which numeric_limits<> is not specialized as Float AND unsigned.
+// Signess is used in the converter<> for range checking, but range checking is disabled by default for UDTs, so,
+// normally, signess is mostly irrelevant as far as the library is concerned, except for the numeric_traits<>::sign_mixture
+// entry.
+// is_integer, however, is relevant in that if the conversion is from a float type to an integer type, the conversion is
+// "rounding" and the rounder policies will participate.
+// ALL implemented rounder policies require proper definitions for floor(udt) and ceil(udt).
+// These names will be searched for using ADL, so, if you need to convert TO integral types from a UDT,
+// you need to supply those functions along with the UDT in right namespace (that is, any namespace that allows
+// ADL to find them)
+
+// If your UDT doesn't supply floor/ceil, conversions to integer types
+// won't compile unless a custom Float2IntRounder is used.
+
+Double floor ( Double v ) { return Double(std::floor(v.mV)) ; }
+Double ceil  ( Double v ) { return Double(std::ceil (v.mV)) ; }
+
+void rounding()
+{
+  BOOST_CHECK( numeric_cast<int>(Dv) == static_cast<int>(Dv) ) ;
+}
+
+
+//
+// If your UDT can't or won't provide floor/ceil you can set-up and use your own
+// Float2IntRounder policy (though doing this is not always required as shown so far)
+//
+struct DoubleToInt
+{
+  static Double nearbyint ( Double const& s ) { return Double(static_cast<int>(s)); }
+
+  typedef mpl::integral_c< std::float_round_style, std::round_toward_zero> round_style ;
+} ;
+
+void custom_rounding()
+{
+  typedef converter<int
+                   ,Double
+                   ,conversion_traits<int,Double>
+                   ,void // By default UDT disable range checking so this won't be used
+                   ,DoubleToInt
+                   >
+                   DoubleToIntConverter ;
+
+   BOOST_CHECK( DoubleToIntConverter::convert(Dv) == static_cast<int>(Dv) ) ;
+}
+
+//
+// In the next Level of complexity, your UDTs might not support conversion operators
+//
+struct Float
+{
+  Float( float v ) : mV(v) {}
+
+  float mV ;
+} ;
+
+struct Int
+{
+  Int( int v ) : mV(v) {}
+
+  int mV ;
+} ;
+
+typedef conversion_traits<Int,Float> Float2IntTraits ;
+typedef conversion_traits<Float,Int> Int2FloatTraits ;
+
+namespace boost { namespace numeric
+{
+//
+// Though static_cast<> won't work with them you can still use numeric_cast<> by specializing
+// raw_converter as follows:
+//
+template<> struct raw_converter<Float2IntTraits>
+{
+  typedef Float2IntTraits::result_type   result_type   ;
+  typedef Float2IntTraits::argument_type argument_type ;
+
+  static result_type low_level_convert ( argument_type s ) { return Int((int)s.mV); }
+} ;
+template<> struct raw_converter<Int2FloatTraits>
+{
+  typedef Int2FloatTraits::result_type   result_type   ;
+  typedef Int2FloatTraits::argument_type argument_type ;
+
+  static result_type low_level_convert ( argument_type s ) { return Float(s.mV); }
+} ;
+
+} }
+
+void custom_raw_converter()
+{
+  Float f (12.34);
+  Int   i (12);
+  Float fi(12);
+
+  BOOST_CHECK(numeric_cast<Int>  (f).mV == i .mV ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK(numeric_cast<Float>(i).mV == fi.mV ) ;
+}
+
+//
+// Alterntively, the custom raw_converter classes can be defined non-instrusively
+// (not as specializations) and passed along as policies
+//
+struct Float2IntRawConverter
+{
+  static Int low_level_convert ( Float const& s ) { return Int((int)s.mV); }
+} ;
+struct Int2FloatRawConverter
+{
+  static Float low_level_convert ( Int const& s ) { return Float(s.mV); }
+} ;
+
+void custom_raw_converter2()
+{
+  Float f (12.34);
+  Int   i (12);
+  Float fi(12);
+
+  typedef converter<Int
+                   ,Float
+                   ,Float2IntTraits
+                   ,void  // By default UDT disable range checking so this won't be used
+                   ,void  // Float2Int Rounder won't be used if Int isn't marked as integer via numeric_limits<>
+                   ,Float2IntRawConverter
+                   >
+                   Float2IntConverter ;
+
+  BOOST_CHECK(Float2IntConverter::convert(f).mV == i .mV ) ;
+}
+
+int test_main( int, char* [] )
+{
+  cout << setprecision( numeric_limits<long double>::digits10 ) ;
+
+  simplest_case();
+  rounding();
+  custom_rounding();
+  custom_raw_converter();
+  custom_raw_converter2();
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// (C) Copyright 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
 // accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Beman Dawes	ab5a806137	Branch at revision 46530 [SVN r46531]	2008-06-19 18:57:10 +00:00
Daniel James	128e01f1ea	Merge in documentation fixes. Apart from the change to optional's documenation Jamfile, which I included by mistake. Fixes #1659, #1661, #1684, #1685, 1687, #1690, #1801 I wrote about this at: http://lists.boost.org/Archives/boost/2008/04/136405.php Merged revisions 44585-44806 via svnmerge from https://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/branches/doc ........ r44585 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:25:27 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix broken link to vacpp in bjam docs. Refs #1512 ........ r44586 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:27:36 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix broken link to bcpp in bjam docs. Refs #1513 ........ r44587 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:33:58 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines DateTime documentation - Fix a link to the serialization library. Refs #1659 ........ r44588 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:35:36 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix some links in interprocess & intrusive. Refs #1661 ........ r44589 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:37:39 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix some links in the python docs. Refs #1684. ........ r44590 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:38:29 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Work around a quickbook bug which is affecting the python docs. Refs #1684. ........ r44591 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:39:34 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix a broken link in the numeric conversion docs. Refs #1685 ........ r44592 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:40:45 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix some links in the optional docs. Refs #1687 ........ r44593 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 16:42:09 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix link to the hash documentation from bimap. Refs #1690 ........ r44599 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 18:07:33 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix a typo in the format library. Refs #1801 ........ r44600 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-19 19:20:59 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) \| 1 line Initialise svnmerge. ........ r44641 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-20 18:59:47 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix the lincense url in shared container iterator documentation. ........ r44642 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-20 19:00:00 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix image link in the mpi documentation. ........ r44643 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-20 19:00:11 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix a typo in the spirit docs. ........ r44644 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-20 19:00:23 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Escape the slash so that quickbook doesn't think it the start of an italic section, and mess up the link. Refs #1844 ........ r44647 \| danieljames \| 2008-04-20 19:39:47 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) \| 2 lines Fix another typo in spirit docs. ........ [SVN r44807]	2008-04-27 07:39:49 +00:00
Marshall Clow	6dc956e342	Replaced all occurrences of non-ASCII copyright symbol with '(c)' for people using non-ASCII code pages [SVN r43992]	2008-04-02 01:42:32 +00:00
John Maddock	2994de17ef	Fixed Inspection report issues. [SVN r43607]	2008-03-14 18:32:45 +00:00
Matias Capeletto	9487756e4b	redirect to new conversion docs [SVN r43252]	2008-02-14 18:09:34 +00:00
Matias Capeletto	35a5859da6	conversion docs fixes [SVN r43251]	2008-02-14 18:08:16 +00:00
Vladimir Prus	9264998bb1	Remove V1 Jamfiles [SVN r38516]	2007-08-08 19:02:26 +00:00
Matias Capeletto	f88653b718	conversion to qbk [SVN r37887]	2007-06-04 17:11:57 +00:00
Beman Dawes	1e17922c45	Add copyright, license [SVN r35905]	2006-11-07 19:11:57 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	d2652525b8	Some additional functions added to optional (being new there won't be regressions) [SVN r34411]	2006-06-26 18:01:38 +00:00
Nicola Musatti	62dd549c9e	Updated Borland workaround [SVN r33857]	2006-04-29 06:44:35 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	6a2f849e56	Fixed the converting assignment bug in optional<> Fixed the usage of 'None' in converter.h, which is declared as a macro in X11/X.h [SVN r32531]	2006-02-03 19:56:03 +00:00
Vladimir Prus	2962887de9	Update Jamfile.v2 [SVN r32351]	2006-01-18 12:46:30 +00:00
John Maddock	7bae7c7dbd	Large patch from Ulrich Eckhardt to fix support for EVC++ 4. [SVN r30670]	2005-08-25 16:27:28 +00:00
Douglas Gregor	0b7242ddc3	Merged from 1.33.0 release [SVN r30540]	2005-08-12 13:02:37 +00:00
Douglas Gregor	b26bbaf5a5	Fix broken link [SVN r30058]	2005-07-13 16:29:34 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	99ac7de524	fixed: "bcc5.6.4 added to the old cast redirection list" [SVN r29814]	2005-06-27 15:05:13 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	852f6f36ed	bcc5.6.4 added to the old cast redirection list [SVN r29792]	2005-06-24 23:17:15 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	cd1476c690	BOOST_TESTED_AT used in numeric_cast old_numeric_cast takes the exception class from converter_policies [SVN r29789]	2005-06-24 19:09:13 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	ecd6da6218	bad_numeric_cast taken from converter_policies.hpp [SVN r29785]	2005-06-24 17:22:21 +00:00
Dave Abrahams	d85ebc6b4f	Add missing using declaration [SVN r29777]	2005-06-24 15:06:45 +00:00
Dave Abrahams	2b49542acd	Add missing #include <typeinfo> [SVN r29775]	2005-06-24 14:34:37 +00:00
Dave Abrahams	5448d52f3c	Transplanted numeric_cast [SVN r29771]	2005-06-24 14:13:36 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	b83988d8a1	Old numeric_cast<> completely replaced by new code (except that the old code is retained as a fallback mechanism for old broken compilers that can't deal with the new code) [SVN r29761]	2005-06-23 23:33:01 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	baab496766	Doc fixes [SVN r28959]	2005-05-16 15:08:51 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	f1fe834781	Fixed bug in RoundEven [SVN r28887]	2005-05-13 23:02:22 +00:00
Rene Rivera	6ff93f4a6c	Fix failures on CodeWarrior. * converter_test.cpp; Fix unqualified use of floor/ceil std calls. * converter_test.cpp & converter_policies.hpp; Fix EOLs which will fix errors on VC8 and possibly others. [SVN r28720]	2005-05-07 16:31:46 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	5ca94ac507	Fixed bug in RoundEven [SVN r28576]	2005-05-02 14:42:52 +00:00
Vladimir Prus	8435a5fa2a	Add V2 Jamfile [SVN r28244]	2005-04-14 11:56:47 +00:00
Aleksey Gurtovoy	16756c8424	merge RC_1_32_0 fixes [SVN r26329]	2004-11-28 03:44:21 +00:00
Fernando Cacciola	284cdfe056	* empty log message * [SVN r25948]	2004-10-29 15:11:25 +00:00